1 00:00:03,540 --> 00:00:11,260 Well, so let me bring the presentation, as I told you, we are all in from the different platforms. 2 00:00:11,280 --> 00:00:15,860 Some are CCI written, some are CCP certified, somewhat canny. 3 00:00:16,170 --> 00:00:19,880 Some are joining the networking class for the very first time. 4 00:00:19,890 --> 00:00:20,160 OK? 5 00:00:20,340 --> 00:00:27,240 So I don't want to disappoint anyone by straightaway taking up some VPN topic or some BGP topic. 6 00:00:27,750 --> 00:00:35,010 So I would have told initially to every student who are taking the demo that I've had in the demo for 7 00:00:35,010 --> 00:00:36,000 four or five classes. 8 00:00:36,300 --> 00:00:41,640 It's all up to you to take the glasses off for five days and then decide whether if you want to enroll 9 00:00:41,640 --> 00:00:42,030 or not. 10 00:00:42,600 --> 00:00:49,650 So the main thing over here is I just want to take it from some point and then we will advance towards 11 00:00:49,650 --> 00:00:50,760 the next level. 12 00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:51,120 OK. 13 00:00:51,600 --> 00:00:57,930 So the basic things will be all your session peaks, all or everything which is required for your session 14 00:00:58,080 --> 00:00:58,530 also. 15 00:00:59,730 --> 00:01:04,920 So some some basics and networking is what it will start from now on it. 16 00:01:05,190 --> 00:01:09,090 So let me tell you, or let me walk through some slides. 17 00:01:12,660 --> 00:01:21,600 OK, so this is one topic which we've been reading out, or we've been coming across from from various 18 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:23,210 CEOs or from long time. 19 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:25,080 OK, so what is? 20 00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:28,460 Land or local area network? 21 00:01:28,550 --> 00:01:31,980 So let me tell you, this is let's see, this is the office. 22 00:01:32,070 --> 00:01:33,030 This is an office. 23 00:01:33,180 --> 00:01:35,970 I'll go over inside an office. 24 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:40,380 I have multiple users, so let's see. 25 00:01:40,380 --> 00:01:42,420 I have a user from sales team. 26 00:01:42,900 --> 00:01:45,240 I have users from an engineering team. 27 00:01:45,540 --> 00:01:48,660 I have user from I.T. ensuing. 28 00:01:49,020 --> 00:01:54,330 So now these users will be connected to Cisco Switch. 29 00:01:54,600 --> 00:01:55,920 This is this is course which. 30 00:01:59,030 --> 00:02:07,310 Course, which is used to connect various end devices, it can be wireless devices, it can be soulful, 31 00:02:07,310 --> 00:02:09,770 it can be laptop, it can be computer, OK. 32 00:02:10,140 --> 00:02:14,660 There is good Ciscos, which is used only to connect and devices. 33 00:02:15,090 --> 00:02:18,350 Now let's see if this user wants to access YouTube. 34 00:02:19,010 --> 00:02:20,980 OK, now now switch cannot do that. 35 00:02:20,990 --> 00:02:23,210 Now the switch cannot. 36 00:02:24,670 --> 00:02:29,270 Thank you to Patrick somewhere to internet, which has to send that to a ragdoll. 37 00:02:29,980 --> 00:02:31,510 OK, so this is a Cisco. 38 00:02:33,340 --> 00:02:37,610 So someone who is accessing YouTube, let's see who types. 39 00:02:37,630 --> 00:02:38,740 YouTube dot com. 40 00:02:38,990 --> 00:02:45,190 The packet will be sent to the switch and the switch will then send to the reporter wrote it over. 41 00:02:45,250 --> 00:02:51,130 You will know how to reach the internet so that it can access YouTube. 42 00:02:51,130 --> 00:02:55,360 So basically your router will send it to your ISP. 43 00:02:55,780 --> 00:02:59,260 OK, ISP are nothing but internet service provider. 44 00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:00,430 So basically, let's see. 45 00:03:00,430 --> 00:03:05,200 I have an internet service provider from Verizon. 46 00:03:06,890 --> 00:03:14,120 OK, so this is how the land set ups is being created, so we have users, we have Cisco devices like 47 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:14,730 switches. 48 00:03:15,710 --> 00:03:19,790 And if I talk about these devices, they are all end devices. 49 00:03:19,820 --> 00:03:21,140 OK, so what? 50 00:03:37,880 --> 00:03:38,230 OK. 51 00:03:40,320 --> 00:03:44,170 OK, so these are all end devices. 52 00:03:44,190 --> 00:03:44,550 OK. 53 00:03:45,610 --> 00:03:48,310 Flights, cancelled, laptops, printers. 54 00:03:49,060 --> 00:03:54,670 These are called end devices and devices are connected to a Cisco switch, which is called USB layer 55 00:03:54,670 --> 00:03:55,540 two devices. 56 00:03:57,500 --> 00:03:59,600 Layer two of OSA model. 57 00:04:00,180 --> 00:04:08,810 Now this is a basic topic again of salience, OK, so Cisco's Switch Cisco Switch will be connected 58 00:04:08,810 --> 00:04:15,410 to a router, which is a layer three device and then router will be connected to internet. 59 00:04:15,410 --> 00:04:17,780 So let's exclude Firewall for now. 60 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:22,340 OK, so let's say there is no fire once, so there will be connected to your ISP. 61 00:04:22,730 --> 00:04:25,280 Now this can be anything like Verizon. 62 00:04:25,700 --> 00:04:27,290 It can be data. 63 00:04:27,950 --> 00:04:29,180 It can be it. 64 00:04:29,840 --> 00:04:31,460 It can be AT&T. 65 00:04:32,030 --> 00:04:32,360 OK. 66 00:04:32,630 --> 00:04:34,430 It can be any service provider. 67 00:04:34,730 --> 00:04:38,690 And then the service provider will be connected to one more service provider. 68 00:04:38,780 --> 00:04:41,060 They will be connected to multiple service provider. 69 00:04:41,240 --> 00:04:43,680 And that's how you reach to the YouTube server. 70 00:04:43,910 --> 00:04:45,590 OK, so this is a basic flaw. 71 00:04:45,590 --> 00:04:46,910 And where do we see this? 72 00:04:47,210 --> 00:04:50,720 We we normally see this within office premises. 73 00:04:51,350 --> 00:04:57,740 Let's I have only one computer and one internet modem, so within our home setup. 74 00:04:59,080 --> 00:05:06,930 A small scale office, so within within a single building or within a single premises, if I have this 75 00:05:06,930 --> 00:05:14,190 kind of connections that I have users switches it out, that is part of plan. 76 00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:17,160 OK, so what is the actual definition of land? 77 00:05:19,780 --> 00:05:25,420 Is confirmed, confined to a single room, a single building or a group of three. 78 00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:31,630 OK, so basically what it's like doing is it's connecting multiple workstation with personal computers. 79 00:05:32,260 --> 00:05:33,610 This is a basic definition. 80 00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:35,380 What is LAN capable of? 81 00:05:35,380 --> 00:05:38,890 LAN is capable of transmitting data at very faster rate. 82 00:05:39,400 --> 00:05:49,180 So whatever these people are communicating, so let's see if user one wants to send some of the file 83 00:05:49,270 --> 00:05:50,530 for printing. 84 00:05:50,710 --> 00:05:51,040 OK. 85 00:05:51,490 --> 00:05:53,000 This will be very instant. 86 00:05:53,350 --> 00:05:56,470 As soon as you send the print, come on, it quickly comes over here. 87 00:05:56,950 --> 00:05:58,690 So that is that is what it is. 88 00:05:58,810 --> 00:06:04,950 LAN devices are responsible or is capable of transmitting data very fast. 89 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:08,890 But the limitations of distance are very limited. 90 00:06:09,790 --> 00:06:10,150 Right. 91 00:06:10,180 --> 00:06:14,500 So whatever you see or learn, it will be within a building or within a floor. 92 00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:16,180 You cannot have. 93 00:06:17,150 --> 00:06:19,850 A land connection, let's say, from City. 94 00:06:21,190 --> 00:06:21,550 E! 95 00:06:22,490 --> 00:06:29,930 To a city B, which is on some other location, for example, let's say this is us and this is UK. 96 00:06:30,870 --> 00:06:34,590 Now, this cannot be a land, we cannot call it as a land. 97 00:06:34,860 --> 00:06:41,130 OK, so that is like I said, distance are limited, so this contributes to a land. 98 00:06:41,700 --> 00:06:45,660 And whatever is within that, it contributes to second land. 99 00:06:47,920 --> 00:06:54,370 And also, there is a limit on the computers of limiting the number of computers that can be accessed 100 00:06:54,370 --> 00:06:56,620 to a single line, so what are the limits you? 101 00:06:58,240 --> 00:06:59,080 The limits are. 102 00:07:00,260 --> 00:07:02,510 Let's see, I have multiple computers. 103 00:07:04,120 --> 00:07:04,480 OK. 104 00:07:05,320 --> 00:07:06,250 All connected. 105 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:10,660 So everyone are transmitting the packets. 106 00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:15,640 So there are chances we encounter some coalitions. 107 00:07:17,340 --> 00:07:17,700 OK. 108 00:07:17,940 --> 00:07:22,530 There are sensors we encountered the coalition when in the package are traveling at a higher rate. 109 00:07:22,860 --> 00:07:27,610 So if we don't take care of all the settings on the interface? 110 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:30,420 OK, if I have left them half duplex. 111 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:37,700 So what happens is there can be coalition, no one stays a coalition, your network will be. 112 00:07:38,770 --> 00:07:40,090 Facing slowness issue. 113 00:07:40,450 --> 00:07:47,230 So these are some things which we see when there are multiple computers apart from those, we can also 114 00:07:47,230 --> 00:07:50,950 see something called this art broadcast in the network. 115 00:07:50,980 --> 00:07:52,210 What is our broadcast? 116 00:07:52,780 --> 00:07:59,770 So let's say this computer is keep on sending or transmitting some packets and all these computers are 117 00:07:59,770 --> 00:08:01,600 sending some packets. 118 00:08:02,430 --> 00:08:06,240 Now, what is which doing, which is broadcasting them? 119 00:08:07,490 --> 00:08:10,590 Or flooding them to all the active interfaces. 120 00:08:10,610 --> 00:08:13,490 Now your switch and countless slowness. 121 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:21,480 And all of a sudden, if an actual bucket has to be taken down or taken from the switch to, let's say, 122 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:24,840 this fax machine that will be queued up. 123 00:08:26,230 --> 00:08:26,530 OK. 124 00:08:26,830 --> 00:08:35,410 It will be cued up because all all that are broadcast are piled up in front of the required packet. 125 00:08:35,800 --> 00:08:39,430 Now they have to be cleared and then your actual data will be taken. 126 00:08:39,640 --> 00:08:42,850 OK, so this is a problem which we normally see in land. 127 00:08:43,240 --> 00:08:49,720 So what is the best practice we adopt in the first segment our land? 128 00:08:50,170 --> 00:08:54,700 How can they segment with the help of VLAN Wilderness Virtual land? 129 00:08:55,150 --> 00:08:57,830 So let's say I have four full five computers here. 130 00:08:57,880 --> 00:08:58,210 How? 131 00:08:58,210 --> 00:08:59,260 If I see? 132 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:06,020 OK, so there is any voice lag, OK, not OK. 133 00:09:11,620 --> 00:09:19,340 So let's see, I segment my lad with the help of concept villains, so I create a villain too. 134 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:23,370 I say this is a part of Villain three. 135 00:09:23,860 --> 00:09:28,030 I call it as a part of villain full fight and six. 136 00:09:28,630 --> 00:09:31,330 Now what is the benefit of having villains now? 137 00:09:31,330 --> 00:09:33,650 Now let's see if I have to send something. 138 00:09:33,670 --> 00:09:34,000 OK? 139 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,520 No one else is going to get informed. 140 00:09:37,690 --> 00:09:39,990 OK, because they are not part of my villain. 141 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:42,100 They're not part of my broadcast domain. 142 00:09:42,310 --> 00:09:48,610 OK, so whatever I'm sending listed villain to is year, and this is also on the line now. 143 00:09:48,640 --> 00:09:55,750 My pocket or my broadcast will directly come to this without engaging anyone else. 144 00:09:55,830 --> 00:09:59,230 Now, now that makes less collusion in the network. 145 00:09:59,350 --> 00:10:03,070 OK, and that is the best practice you make use of it. 146 00:10:03,340 --> 00:10:09,460 We make use and we don't keep everything all distinct in a single villa. 147 00:10:09,730 --> 00:10:13,510 If I have a single villain, they are going to cause me more collisions. 148 00:10:14,410 --> 00:10:22,210 The network will be slow packets to collide and start showing as it dropped and a lot of other concerns. 149 00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:25,450 OK, so what I'll do is I'll make use of that villain. 150 00:10:26,500 --> 00:10:35,560 Villain is a virtual local area network at the same hardware infrastructures, but logically dividing 151 00:10:35,560 --> 00:10:35,770 them. 152 00:10:36,220 --> 00:10:39,010 OK, so basically logically, I'm dividing them. 153 00:10:39,010 --> 00:10:39,520 So let's see. 154 00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:41,230 This is a part of the tent. 155 00:10:41,590 --> 00:10:44,530 This is a part of 20, 30, 40 50. 156 00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:51,520 Now what happens if something I have to send, I can send it without even engaging or without even sending 157 00:10:51,520 --> 00:10:55,360 the broadcast to any other violence? 158 00:10:55,390 --> 00:10:55,690 OK. 159 00:10:55,990 --> 00:11:02,440 So this is how we make use of violence in it in a local area network. 160 00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:04,540 OK, let's go to the next slide. 161 00:11:05,860 --> 00:11:08,100 Van, what is van here? 162 00:11:09,280 --> 00:11:11,290 It's a wide area network. 163 00:11:14,650 --> 00:11:21,820 OK, now, like I told you, land is restricted to a building or a particular office. 164 00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:25,840 Alexi, this is my headquarter in us. 165 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:33,760 This is my branch office in Australia and this is my branch office in, let's say, Singapore. 166 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:38,810 And you want to connect all of them, all the branch services. 167 00:11:38,910 --> 00:11:42,180 So what what are you going to make use of your vans? 168 00:11:42,180 --> 00:11:50,280 One circuits that is nothing but your ISP service provider like your AT&T, Verizon. 169 00:11:53,090 --> 00:11:56,830 You know, the like we have in India do. 170 00:11:57,680 --> 00:12:00,200 We have Tata data. 171 00:12:00,230 --> 00:12:02,990 There are plenty of van circuits. 172 00:12:03,650 --> 00:12:09,660 So how is LAN LAN connected to another LAN segment via that? 173 00:12:09,770 --> 00:12:11,510 So we will have Van who work here. 174 00:12:11,780 --> 00:12:13,970 We will be having events that you do here. 175 00:12:14,300 --> 00:12:16,490 We will also have events that occurred over here. 176 00:12:16,530 --> 00:12:21,830 So we will have a couple of events at like three event to just demonstrate this. 177 00:12:22,220 --> 00:12:23,510 But in reality. 178 00:12:24,570 --> 00:12:29,220 It is not a single bank that can fix this and this. 179 00:12:29,700 --> 00:12:33,720 OK, so let's see this site on the US site. 180 00:12:33,720 --> 00:12:35,340 It will be connecting to its. 181 00:12:36,390 --> 00:12:40,980 Van, similar similarly on this site, let's say this is Australia. 182 00:12:41,220 --> 00:12:44,280 It connects to its van certitude. 183 00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:45,060 OK. 184 00:12:45,900 --> 00:12:49,320 And then these two vents will depend on other events. 185 00:12:50,580 --> 00:12:52,230 OK, so totally we can see there. 186 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:56,950 There can be like 10 different circuits in one attics. 187 00:12:57,840 --> 00:12:58,140 OK. 188 00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:01,380 So I'll talk about this van secured in my next light. 189 00:13:01,680 --> 00:13:11,940 So as of now, just take this point that to connect to or my people, but we need to have a van van 190 00:13:11,940 --> 00:13:17,010 OK via the area network and example for van are all your ISP circulars. 191 00:13:17,140 --> 00:13:19,830 OK, internet service service providers. 192 00:13:21,670 --> 00:13:24,310 OK, let me take you to the next slide. 193 00:13:27,580 --> 00:13:28,990 OK, this is a definition. 194 00:13:29,200 --> 00:13:30,640 Here are some results from the Web. 195 00:13:32,150 --> 00:13:37,650 OK, I look like my Android Mobile took some on started. 196 00:13:38,330 --> 00:13:38,720 OK. 197 00:13:39,900 --> 00:13:45,560 It took my voice recognizing and reading and started reading out what is one? 198 00:13:45,590 --> 00:13:45,840 OK. 199 00:13:46,670 --> 00:13:47,630 OK, sorry about that. 200 00:13:47,630 --> 00:13:52,640 So yeah, so as I was telling, this is a definition for a wide area network. 201 00:13:53,180 --> 00:14:00,200 So it's a large scale network that is not tied up to any single location like like in case of van. 202 00:14:00,530 --> 00:14:05,540 In case of land, they are tied up to one single location, one single building, single flow, single 203 00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:09,410 office van is something which is on a larger scale. 204 00:14:09,740 --> 00:14:13,180 And if you want to connect to different land, we need to connect that. 205 00:14:13,850 --> 00:14:15,290 Now what is binding? 206 00:14:15,290 --> 00:14:17,230 It is facilitating the communication. 207 00:14:17,240 --> 00:14:24,210 It is sharing that information and much more beef between the devices over uneven provider. 208 00:14:24,430 --> 00:14:29,090 OK, so between the devices in the sense between two different LAN. 209 00:14:30,350 --> 00:14:34,970 Units, so let's this is the headquarters and this is a branch office. 210 00:14:35,330 --> 00:14:39,860 Now where is my one, my one issue and what is mine doing? 211 00:14:40,130 --> 00:14:42,830 It is helping me to communicate between this and this. 212 00:14:43,220 --> 00:14:45,890 It is helping me to share any file between these two. 213 00:14:46,190 --> 00:14:46,700 It is. 214 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:49,590 It is via over on event provider. 215 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:54,170 I'll give and provide is nothing but your service provider, internet service provider. 216 00:14:57,730 --> 00:14:58,050 OK. 217 00:14:58,990 --> 00:15:02,080 Very important and very basic thing at the same time. 218 00:15:02,110 --> 00:15:03,730 How are we all connected? 219 00:15:03,760 --> 00:15:04,470 So let's see. 220 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:11,020 You guys might be from us, UK, Singapore, Australia and I being in India. 221 00:15:11,020 --> 00:15:13,090 I'm presenting my screen to you guys. 222 00:15:13,510 --> 00:15:15,390 And we are all connected. 223 00:15:15,430 --> 00:15:16,870 We are all connected. 224 00:15:16,910 --> 00:15:20,710 OK, so don't say we are all connected over on cloud, OK? 225 00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:21,960 We are not connected. 226 00:15:21,970 --> 00:15:23,770 Actually, we're on iCloud, OK? 227 00:15:24,070 --> 00:15:30,040 The actual actual thing is we are all connected over UNinvite connection. 228 00:15:30,490 --> 00:15:32,650 It might look you as a cloud. 229 00:15:33,460 --> 00:15:35,560 It might look you like a satellite. 230 00:15:36,010 --> 00:15:39,310 But in reality, we are all connected overbite. 231 00:15:39,670 --> 00:15:39,940 OK. 232 00:15:40,210 --> 00:15:41,140 Let me tell you how. 233 00:15:42,070 --> 00:15:44,080 Let me just move on to the next slide. 234 00:15:45,340 --> 00:15:50,830 So this is a diagram which I took for a submarine cable. 235 00:15:52,460 --> 00:15:53,360 Demonstration. 236 00:15:53,750 --> 00:15:54,080 OK. 237 00:15:54,710 --> 00:16:04,230 So what exactly this image shows us, so let's say you are from United States, OK, from Canada or 238 00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:08,480 the United States might be we have students from South Africa. 239 00:16:08,600 --> 00:16:08,900 OK. 240 00:16:09,620 --> 00:16:10,400 And let's see. 241 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:15,920 OK, so this is south us and this is America. 242 00:16:16,190 --> 00:16:17,090 This is India. 243 00:16:17,120 --> 00:16:17,450 OK. 244 00:16:17,750 --> 00:16:19,040 Our we all connected. 245 00:16:19,050 --> 00:16:22,070 We are all connected over optical cables. 246 00:16:22,940 --> 00:16:26,790 So, OK, we are all connected or optical cables. 247 00:16:26,810 --> 00:16:28,410 That is a vital connectivity. 248 00:16:28,430 --> 00:16:32,540 We are not going to connect via satellite. 249 00:16:33,320 --> 00:16:34,610 OK, if you guys thanks. 250 00:16:35,180 --> 00:16:41,120 If you guys think that you guys think that we are all connected over on satellite. 251 00:16:42,260 --> 00:16:43,970 Then that's the wrong assumption. 252 00:16:44,450 --> 00:16:44,780 OK. 253 00:16:45,050 --> 00:16:50,840 We are not connected or a satellite is for special purpose like defense. 254 00:16:52,650 --> 00:16:53,430 Not certain. 255 00:16:54,420 --> 00:16:55,560 Weather forecast. 256 00:16:58,030 --> 00:17:02,300 OK, so they are used for it for a special purpose. 257 00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:09,970 Let's say there is some natural calamity and another 13 has to send a satellite so that it can go and 258 00:17:10,030 --> 00:17:11,710 start monitoring what is. 259 00:17:15,260 --> 00:17:22,220 What is happening over on this satellite is for a special purpose, satellite is not used for the data 260 00:17:22,220 --> 00:17:28,490 communication, let's say if I want to use Zoom service or if I want to use the YouTube or if I want 261 00:17:28,490 --> 00:17:32,610 to watch a movie or on online, no satellite is not coming into picture. 262 00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:34,700 It's all our life connection. 263 00:17:35,210 --> 00:17:37,460 OK, so let's see. 264 00:17:37,460 --> 00:17:40,700 I have a YouTube server somewhere here. 265 00:17:41,300 --> 00:17:50,270 YouTube taught us, and if I am accessing YouTube channel or a YouTube website, so my traffic will 266 00:17:50,270 --> 00:17:53,360 go across these optical fibers. 267 00:17:55,090 --> 00:17:55,660 And then. 268 00:17:56,710 --> 00:18:01,140 It will be picked up by your local service provider, OK? 269 00:18:01,570 --> 00:18:10,770 They will be local service provider and also on my site, from my my desktop to my to this optical fiber. 270 00:18:10,840 --> 00:18:13,720 There will be some local ISP provider, OK? 271 00:18:14,660 --> 00:18:20,360 And these optical fiber once again are not belonging to a single or not. 272 00:18:20,450 --> 00:18:23,150 There will be multiple or Nazia. 273 00:18:23,480 --> 00:18:23,780 OK? 274 00:18:24,080 --> 00:18:30,590 As these cables cross our different boundaries, the ownership also changes, so this will be somewhere 275 00:18:31,010 --> 00:18:32,190 to Indian side. 276 00:18:32,210 --> 00:18:35,980 This will be to other continents or all other continents, OK? 277 00:18:36,230 --> 00:18:39,650 So basically, we can see like 10 to 20. 278 00:18:40,750 --> 00:18:43,870 Service providers, ISP, service provider. 279 00:18:44,140 --> 00:18:50,680 And also, you add these this one and this one, so totally like 20 service provider between India to 280 00:18:50,980 --> 00:18:51,700 the US. 281 00:18:52,090 --> 00:18:53,790 OK, so that was my point. 282 00:18:53,830 --> 00:18:54,520 What I. 283 00:19:04,730 --> 00:19:05,790 OK, fine. 284 00:19:06,440 --> 00:19:12,860 So that was my point earlier that I wanted to show you that to land segment, OK? 285 00:19:12,890 --> 00:19:15,890 To do different land segment. 286 00:19:17,810 --> 00:19:23,000 If I have the advance that acute in between, that doesn't mean that we are straightaway connected with 287 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:24,080 the help of one fund. 288 00:19:24,230 --> 00:19:24,520 OK. 289 00:19:24,740 --> 00:19:27,860 Like in this case, we have in ISP's. 290 00:19:28,130 --> 00:19:31,400 Similarly over here, we will have a local connection provider. 291 00:19:31,730 --> 00:19:37,550 Also, we will have some local selection provider here and then they in abaddonn will have multiple 292 00:19:37,550 --> 00:19:38,300 service providers. 293 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:38,660 OK. 294 00:19:39,050 --> 00:19:42,320 So let me show you this website on real time. 295 00:19:48,520 --> 00:19:55,210 Might be after the class, you can go back to this website, which is called a submarine cable. 296 00:19:55,600 --> 00:19:59,470 And you yourself can see how these guys are connected. 297 00:19:59,500 --> 00:20:02,530 OK, so you might be I missed out calling out. 298 00:20:04,230 --> 00:20:09,990 Your country or you might be your state, so you can just see how you guys are connected to me over 299 00:20:09,990 --> 00:20:10,520 on Zoom. 300 00:20:10,620 --> 00:20:10,920 OK. 301 00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:15,900 So let me pick one of the circuit providers from India. 302 00:20:16,500 --> 00:20:18,210 So let's see some India. 303 00:20:18,870 --> 00:20:21,510 I pick up one circuit. 304 00:20:22,740 --> 00:20:24,240 So then I picked the circular. 305 00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:29,730 I can read it out, all the details about this circular on my right side. 306 00:20:29,790 --> 00:20:36,180 So this is a 28 kilometer of the cable and the owner is these people. 307 00:20:36,500 --> 00:20:36,780 OK? 308 00:20:37,320 --> 00:20:44,340 And if you just enlarge this, so basically you can see there will be different ownership. 309 00:20:45,030 --> 00:20:45,300 OK. 310 00:20:45,540 --> 00:20:53,330 So this this particularly links that from Japan, and it goes all over all over India. 311 00:20:53,340 --> 00:20:59,420 We have all the Gulf countries and then we have it the U.K. OK. 312 00:20:59,850 --> 00:21:03,990 And on this side, you can you can see the country based. 313 00:21:05,100 --> 00:21:05,980 Segregation. 314 00:21:06,900 --> 00:21:09,730 OK, so this is very interesting website. 315 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:14,670 You can just check some of the circulars. 316 00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:18,450 OK, so some some circulars you can check, you can come back. 317 00:21:18,660 --> 00:21:22,740 So this is how we are all connected or on optical fibers. 318 00:21:24,250 --> 00:21:25,810 And one more interesting thing. 319 00:21:27,130 --> 00:21:31,180 Let me show you, what do we have under submarine cables? 320 00:21:31,550 --> 00:21:39,160 OK, so we call it a submarine cables, but do you know how the submarine cables are being placed or 321 00:21:39,370 --> 00:21:41,130 where does this lie? 322 00:21:41,200 --> 00:21:46,330 So basically, these lies under under, under the sea, under the ocean. 323 00:21:46,490 --> 00:21:46,770 OK. 324 00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:55,310 Because we connect the continent to continent, so continent to continent, we will have these oceans. 325 00:21:55,550 --> 00:21:59,960 So basically, these cables have to be placed under the oceans. 326 00:22:01,530 --> 00:22:05,850 So these are the cables which will be laid up inside the oceans. 327 00:22:06,660 --> 00:22:13,260 And this is one of the project of sending the submarine cables below below the ocean. 328 00:22:13,530 --> 00:22:16,520 These are divers who will go and place it. 329 00:22:17,020 --> 00:22:18,000 We need OK. 330 00:22:18,300 --> 00:22:20,310 So this is how they're going to clamp. 331 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:30,380 And this is a real demonstration of those cables that so that with regards to how we are all connected. 332 00:22:30,600 --> 00:22:34,560 OK, now let's talk about the next connection medium. 333 00:22:34,580 --> 00:22:40,730 So might be other than lined up for the day and we will start up from the next connection medium. 334 00:22:41,570 --> 00:22:46,430 So this is one example of of an office. 335 00:22:46,910 --> 00:22:47,170 OK. 336 00:22:47,390 --> 00:22:48,740 This is one more example. 337 00:22:49,190 --> 00:22:54,680 When we connect continents to continents or countries to different countries or remote, all those things. 338 00:22:54,980 --> 00:22:56,510 This is within an office. 339 00:22:56,780 --> 00:22:57,880 So what did I say? 340 00:22:57,890 --> 00:23:02,090 If you see something within an office, then it's a local area network. 341 00:23:02,630 --> 00:23:04,150 This can be one single office. 342 00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:05,630 This can be one single building. 343 00:23:05,900 --> 00:23:11,990 This can be within one single place or single it park or something. 344 00:23:12,350 --> 00:23:19,880 And we see all different types of computers, users, IP phones, all all different IP related like 345 00:23:19,880 --> 00:23:22,880 we see here servers or some printers, OK? 346 00:23:23,180 --> 00:23:28,490 So they they if they are example for a LAN type of infrastructure. 347 00:23:29,060 --> 00:23:29,390 OK. 348 00:23:30,170 --> 00:23:37,370 And similar when we talk about two different LAN segments to be connected to different countries to 349 00:23:37,370 --> 00:23:39,350 be connected, then we call such. 350 00:23:41,120 --> 00:23:51,210 Thing is Wide Area Network are different countries or different groups of land units, we call it van 351 00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:53,090 or video network. 352 00:23:54,650 --> 00:23:56,480 OK, so. 353 00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:02,610 Over over here, if I if I take you back on this slide. 354 00:24:04,260 --> 00:24:04,590 OK. 355 00:24:05,650 --> 00:24:11,140 And also, if I take you to this slide, I told you that these are all optical fibers. 356 00:24:11,860 --> 00:24:12,220 OK? 357 00:24:12,430 --> 00:24:17,140 And we also checked how how do these optical fibers look like? 358 00:24:17,690 --> 00:24:24,420 So basically, optical fibers which are placed under oceans are in a huge diameters. 359 00:24:24,610 --> 00:24:24,940 OK. 360 00:24:25,330 --> 00:24:31,210 So these are protected with a lot of metallic casings, and they're very huge in diameter. 361 00:24:31,220 --> 00:24:33,850 We cannot place this within our office. 362 00:24:34,510 --> 00:24:39,730 Did you see any time this kind of cables placed inside the cable inside the office? 363 00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:40,880 No, we don't do that. 364 00:24:40,900 --> 00:24:49,660 OK, so what do we have or what cables do we see in this kind of network or in this kind of office setup? 365 00:24:50,080 --> 00:24:51,730 What are the cables that we see? 366 00:24:51,790 --> 00:24:58,810 If you see, some cables might be pointing out if you see this cable, the user is using some cable. 367 00:24:59,080 --> 00:25:02,020 So we called these cables as ethernet cables. 368 00:25:04,270 --> 00:25:08,040 It's also called this Archie fortified cable. 369 00:25:08,810 --> 00:25:09,150 OK. 370 00:25:09,190 --> 00:25:11,520 It's the Ethernet medium. 371 00:25:12,270 --> 00:25:18,810 It's Ethernet technology Ethernet acknowledging, which was launched in 1980s. 372 00:25:19,620 --> 00:25:23,640 Also also we call these as Ethernet Cable, or RJ 45. 373 00:25:23,670 --> 00:25:28,440 So these are the cable that we use within the office or within in the land segment. 374 00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:28,740 OK. 375 00:25:29,040 --> 00:25:36,120 So these cables we can use to connect to the wireless access point or a server? 376 00:25:37,370 --> 00:25:47,270 Our computers, laptops, OK, within LAN unit now when we have the submarine cables or when we need 377 00:25:47,270 --> 00:25:51,350 the cables for submarine connections, we cannot make use of LAN. 378 00:25:51,770 --> 00:25:52,070 OK. 379 00:25:52,370 --> 00:25:53,780 We have to follow it. 380 00:25:54,470 --> 00:25:57,110 These optical fiber optic cables? 381 00:25:57,220 --> 00:26:03,170 OK, now first, let me talk about the Ethernet cable, which is used in the local area network within 382 00:26:03,170 --> 00:26:06,380 the offices, so they have some color coding. 383 00:26:07,280 --> 00:26:09,170 They come with some eight colors. 384 00:26:11,290 --> 00:26:16,540 For players of color coding, which totally contributes to eight colors, OK? 385 00:26:16,930 --> 00:26:22,960 There are multiple types of street over cable crossover cable rollover cable, so there are three types. 386 00:26:23,350 --> 00:26:26,830 It was actually being launched in 1980. 387 00:26:27,010 --> 00:26:34,330 OK, so basically they were launched with Cat two one Ethernet cables, but now we have in Cat eight, 388 00:26:34,360 --> 00:26:44,230 we also have cat and five years that we had Cat five and Cat five e getting used in the office premises. 389 00:26:44,440 --> 00:26:57,610 These are capable of of 100Mbps speed, but now we make use of Cat six guys six eight and guest six 390 00:26:57,610 --> 00:26:57,880 e. 391 00:26:58,210 --> 00:27:04,150 These are capable of all your fine gigabits to your 10 gigabits or 100 gigabit. 392 00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:04,470 OK. 393 00:27:04,510 --> 00:27:06,790 These are with high throughput. 394 00:27:06,930 --> 00:27:08,500 It might be after a fight. 395 00:27:08,500 --> 00:27:11,100 And yes, we can see other cables. 396 00:27:11,130 --> 00:27:17,260 OK, but yes, eight nine 10 are not used for our office 4+. 397 00:27:17,590 --> 00:27:22,540 They are used for different purposes and also they have very different design. 398 00:27:22,570 --> 00:27:24,880 So these may not be used in the office. 399 00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:31,570 Even after five years might be, then we have something else coming up like a cat or Jack Lemmon or 400 00:27:31,570 --> 00:27:32,470 something like that. 401 00:27:32,980 --> 00:27:33,300 OK. 402 00:27:34,690 --> 00:27:34,970 OK. 403 00:27:35,000 --> 00:27:40,630 And regarding one last topic before I wind up, this is about the optical fiber. 404 00:27:41,110 --> 00:27:43,650 Optical fiber also has two different modes. 405 00:27:43,660 --> 00:27:48,790 One is called as single mode and multiple single mode. 406 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:57,850 Then within the cable within the fiber, only one tree of data is passed that is called this multi. 407 00:27:58,360 --> 00:28:04,870 So this single mode or this multi-mode, then we have bidirectional communication like on that side 408 00:28:04,870 --> 00:28:07,630 as well as we are receiving on this site. 409 00:28:07,810 --> 00:28:08,080 OK. 410 00:28:08,350 --> 00:28:11,530 So there are two types two or two types of optical fiber. 411 00:28:12,070 --> 00:28:22,460 Normally, optical fiber consists of these glass of properties, but since they are very low, they 412 00:28:22,570 --> 00:28:28,310 are very, very much a case sensitive. 413 00:28:28,570 --> 00:28:29,920 They can be easily broken. 414 00:28:30,220 --> 00:28:38,860 They will be surrounded with at least six to seven different solid materials, which can properly protect 415 00:28:38,860 --> 00:28:41,980 these glass material from getting broken. 416 00:28:42,220 --> 00:28:42,490 OK. 417 00:28:42,640 --> 00:28:45,730 Even a small coke, the glass can be broken up. 418 00:28:46,150 --> 00:28:54,430 So we may have to make use of some plastic, some aluminum, a kind of of solid properties which can 419 00:28:54,430 --> 00:28:56,850 protect these glasses. 420 00:28:56,860 --> 00:29:00,460 OK, and your data is within these glasses. 421 00:29:02,380 --> 00:29:08,860 And yes, the speed is very large when compared to your Ethernet cable, the speed is very, very high 422 00:29:08,860 --> 00:29:10,900 in case of optical fibers. 423 00:29:11,930 --> 00:29:15,040 OK, now this is the topic which I'll take from the next class. 424 00:29:15,040 --> 00:29:18,040 OK, so we have multiple topics here and then yes. 425 00:29:20,130 --> 00:29:21,880 And then that's how we will proceed. 426 00:29:21,900 --> 00:29:22,220 OK. 427 00:29:22,530 --> 00:29:25,980 So I guess this class was informative. 428 00:29:26,020 --> 00:29:29,490 OK, so let me see what you guys have here. 429 00:29:40,290 --> 00:29:41,600 Best to use violence. 430 00:29:41,660 --> 00:29:47,160 OK, the reason why use VR miss it will optimal your resources. 431 00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:53,160 Let's see if you have only 8GB now, VR will improvise. 432 00:29:53,670 --> 00:30:01,620 The fact is, if you don't use VR, then your whole system will get frozen up when you start running 433 00:30:01,620 --> 00:30:02,350 or practicing. 434 00:30:02,370 --> 00:30:02,670 OK. 435 00:30:03,870 --> 00:30:06,630 Can we use multiple vendor router overlap? 436 00:30:07,320 --> 00:30:15,360 I don't think because then that will be less to the CCP site and maybe we will be ending up with something 437 00:30:15,360 --> 00:30:15,670 else. 438 00:30:15,690 --> 00:30:23,960 If you want to have multi-vendor courses, I also provide different courses like FortiGate Cisco is 439 00:30:23,970 --> 00:30:27,420 a firewall in which you can contact me later. 440 00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:35,370 OK, so I don't want to bring something on on the CNP and getting diverted from the main objective. 441 00:30:36,430 --> 00:30:39,700 What is the speed duplex and what is the concept? 442 00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:48,700 Well, so might be this also this can be also answered in the next question, but I'll just give you 443 00:30:50,080 --> 00:30:57,040 in my next slide, when I talk about network components, we have examples of different types of network 444 00:30:57,050 --> 00:30:57,670 devices. 445 00:30:58,150 --> 00:31:04,780 These network devices have something called which, which is called this switch port, and they're normally 446 00:31:05,180 --> 00:31:07,030 resembled something like this. 447 00:31:08,200 --> 00:31:13,690 Now this switch code is where we connect our cable like ethernet cables. 448 00:31:14,230 --> 00:31:16,290 And these these are some Alexy. 449 00:31:16,300 --> 00:31:17,410 This is a computer. 450 00:31:17,980 --> 00:31:20,910 And from my computer, I straightaway connected to this. 451 00:31:20,920 --> 00:31:27,260 Now the switchboard has something called speed and duplex, which I can do unit. 452 00:31:27,290 --> 00:31:28,430 OK, I can tune it. 453 00:31:28,450 --> 00:31:35,950 Most of the time are auto configured, so basically this is the hardware properties of the switch. 454 00:31:36,290 --> 00:31:38,620 OK, what is what is the support of this? 455 00:31:38,620 --> 00:31:41,440 Let's say this is supporting 100Mbps. 456 00:31:41,770 --> 00:31:44,500 Let's say this is full duplex, full duplex this. 457 00:31:44,500 --> 00:31:49,130 Then then both bi directional communication happens half duplex. 458 00:31:49,130 --> 00:31:53,590 This an example, then only one data has to be passed at a time. 459 00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:56,200 Once the system, then you will receive something. 460 00:31:56,320 --> 00:31:56,620 OK. 461 00:31:56,860 --> 00:31:58,030 So these are duplex. 462 00:31:59,680 --> 00:32:00,070 OK. 463 00:32:00,250 --> 00:32:04,480 Yes, so some student said he's from Morocco, so appreciate this. 464 00:32:05,320 --> 00:32:06,750 Can you write in Notepad? 465 00:32:06,760 --> 00:32:12,250 OK, so this is just the basic which I cover to might be in the next, I'll write properly. 466 00:32:12,310 --> 00:32:12,610 OK. 467 00:32:13,550 --> 00:32:16,280 Can we have example of single more than mode? 468 00:32:16,310 --> 00:32:17,630 Yes, I can take this. 469 00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:21,480 OK, yes, we can do this. 470 00:32:21,500 --> 00:32:25,320 OK, so if you want to do this, then it's pretty simple. 471 00:32:25,340 --> 00:32:27,260 We have everything set up. 472 00:32:27,830 --> 00:32:36,650 So after the class, do you do reach out to me and I'll get you, I'll get you contacted with my lab 473 00:32:36,650 --> 00:32:39,260 trainer and we will set this up, OK? 474 00:32:39,380 --> 00:32:40,490 So then we are setting up. 475 00:32:40,490 --> 00:32:47,330 You will also get all the Cisco iOS, the topology and all the software required. 476 00:32:48,020 --> 00:32:48,350 OK. 477 00:32:48,980 --> 00:32:52,060 So yeah, I will share the video. 478 00:32:52,070 --> 00:32:57,880 OK, I will share the video, and I'll also let you guys know once the video gets uploaded. 479 00:32:57,890 --> 00:33:02,930 So basically, it will take some time because there is something called rendering. 480 00:33:02,960 --> 00:33:11,120 OK, so when I stop this recording, it will start rendering, which will take easy to one one hour 481 00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:11,630 sometimes. 482 00:33:11,630 --> 00:33:15,170 And then I have to upload on YouTube, which will take another sometime. 483 00:33:15,170 --> 00:33:17,510 So you will get after something. 484 00:33:17,570 --> 00:33:22,970 OK, but I guess I promise before the next class you will get see any any. 485 00:33:25,320 --> 00:33:27,660 I don't support downloading. 486 00:33:27,690 --> 00:33:31,230 OK, you have online access, and that is a lifetime access. 487 00:33:31,380 --> 00:33:35,040 Something like Udemy concept, you know, the Udemy concept, right? 488 00:33:35,520 --> 00:33:42,290 You can have the lifetime access, but they will not let you to download them due to hundreds of reasons. 489 00:33:42,300 --> 00:33:45,150 One among them is piracy. 490 00:33:45,540 --> 00:33:45,870 OK. 491 00:33:46,200 --> 00:33:52,680 We don't want our videos to be put up on some platform where people start sharing or something like 492 00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:52,890 that. 493 00:33:53,160 --> 00:33:56,880 So that is one reason why downloading is not possible. 494 00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:58,980 But yes, you will have lifetime access. 495 00:33:59,010 --> 00:34:05,220 I don't think that should be an issue here because you, after all, have a lifetime access, then something 496 00:34:05,220 --> 00:34:08,220 that you will need something like, OK. 497 00:34:09,590 --> 00:34:13,610 So any other topic that you want me to include in the next class apart from this? 498 00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:25,370 Apart from this, whatever we cover today, like land line of something else, which you also want to 499 00:34:25,370 --> 00:34:28,280 bring up so that you understand. 500 00:34:30,010 --> 00:34:31,300 The things better. 501 00:34:33,220 --> 00:34:37,810 So basically in my next class, what I'm going to teach is I'm going to show you different types of 502 00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:41,350 switches, Cisco switches, different types of router. 503 00:34:41,620 --> 00:34:42,640 What is server? 504 00:34:43,020 --> 00:34:44,540 What is firewall? 505 00:34:44,560 --> 00:34:46,080 Different types of firewalls. 506 00:34:46,090 --> 00:34:48,130 Different types of storage boxes. 507 00:34:48,490 --> 00:34:50,330 Different data centers. 508 00:34:50,350 --> 00:34:50,650 OK. 509 00:34:50,860 --> 00:34:55,810 And along with this, I'll also add a few other topics which you have added up here. 510 00:34:55,940 --> 00:34:57,520 OK, so. 511 00:35:01,880 --> 00:35:03,090 What is this question? 512 00:35:04,650 --> 00:35:08,460 So the glass class, yes, we have already started of the class. 513 00:35:09,340 --> 00:35:09,700 Yes. 514 00:35:09,790 --> 00:35:12,010 Yes, it's part of it's part of Canopy. 515 00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:18,610 So this is a Canopy Class which is getting started, but yes, it's from the beginner point of view, 516 00:35:18,610 --> 00:35:20,620 which you may may know already. 517 00:35:20,950 --> 00:35:25,360 OK, but that doesn't mean that this is not a part of this association part. 518 00:35:29,190 --> 00:35:33,370 Well, so as of now, it will be all basics, and I guess. 519 00:35:35,010 --> 00:35:40,800 I already told you, what are the next topic so might be tomorrow and tomorrow at the end of the class? 520 00:35:40,810 --> 00:35:43,590 I'll give the topic for the next following classes. 521 00:35:43,620 --> 00:35:50,700 OK, so these are some basic things, which I guess you already know, but it's just revision, OK? 522 00:35:51,600 --> 00:35:59,010 And then we will start with some advanced things like switching all those things and then don't don't 523 00:35:59,010 --> 00:36:00,030 come back saying that. 524 00:36:00,030 --> 00:36:02,220 I don't know what is this, which I don't know? 525 00:36:02,220 --> 00:36:03,630 What is the Ethernet cable? 526 00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:05,460 I don't know what is a duplex. 527 00:36:05,460 --> 00:36:09,030 I don't know what is full speed or something like that, OK? 528 00:36:09,240 --> 00:36:13,140 So to make things clear, basics are very important. 529 00:36:13,500 --> 00:36:13,750 OK. 530 00:36:13,780 --> 00:36:15,770 And yes, this is a part of CNP. 531 00:36:16,050 --> 00:36:19,540 It's not that we are doing some other things and not CCN. 532 00:36:19,980 --> 00:36:21,840 This is a part of CCN PE classes. 533 00:36:23,490 --> 00:36:25,950 So I'll say how we go to the end of the day. 534 00:36:32,070 --> 00:36:32,340 Yes. 535 00:36:32,610 --> 00:36:35,160 OK, so guys, let's meet up in the next glass. 536 00:36:35,220 --> 00:36:35,610 OK. 537 00:36:36,450 --> 00:36:41,160 So I hope this class was informative and I'll pass on the recording. 538 00:36:41,220 --> 00:36:43,410 OK, so thank you, everyone. 539 00:36:43,500 --> 00:36:44,040 Thank you. 540 00:36:44,070 --> 00:36:44,850 Thank you, everyone. 541 00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:46,110 Good night from India. 542 00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:51,030 Who do we send our e-mail address to you and you share the information to us? 543 00:36:52,080 --> 00:36:54,920 Yes, we'll get back to me or I'll provide you my contact email. 544 00:36:55,300 --> 00:36:58,170 Are you guys already connected over WhatsApp? 545 00:36:58,170 --> 00:37:06,540 I guess you can ping me or one to one, or you can also bring me or groups so that I can respond back. 546 00:37:06,900 --> 00:37:07,230 OK. 547 00:37:09,310 --> 00:37:09,500 OK. 548 00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:10,840 OK, thank you. 549 00:37:11,230 --> 00:37:11,520 Thank you. 550 00:37:11,570 --> 00:37:13,480 OK, thank you, everyone, have a nice day. 551 00:37:14,240 --> 00:37:14,590 Thank you. 552 00:37:14,950 --> 00:37:15,850 Thank you so much. 553 00:37:16,390 --> 00:37:17,170 Thank you very much. 554 00:37:17,250 --> 00:37:18,190 OK, thank you. 555 00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:19,030 Thank you. 556 00:37:19,150 --> 00:37:19,540 Thank you. 557 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:20,200 That.