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OK, so if we know how to find our way to the desired directory in terminal, but what if we need to

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create a file or a subfolder in another directory, how can we do that?

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Well, first, let's open up our terminal.

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And by the way, another way that you can open terminal instead of.

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Right.

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Clicking and going open terminal here, he's going up here to this icon which says terminal emulator

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and clicking on it.

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By default, this will be inside of your home directory, which we know to be designed, and if we type

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the public comment, we get slash home slash Mr. Hacker directory.

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We know that our desktop directorate is also inside of this directory.

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So let's go there, see the desktop press enter.

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And now we are in the desktop directory.

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Let's get back to the files to create a simple empty file, we can use a command called Touch if we

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simply just type touch file and let's call it file one.

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Press enter, this will create a file named file one, and it will have no contents inside of it.

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We can also see that file one has been created as it is right now on our desktop since we created it

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inside of this desktop directory.

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And if we also type, unless we can see that the file is in our desktop directory to make sure this

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file is indeed empty, we can use the command cat.

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And this command, once executed on the file, writes out all the contents that are inside of that file.

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Let's try it out so we specify CAT and then file one.

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Press enter, and this will give no results since, as we already mentioned, the touch command creates

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empty files.

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If we want to, for example, put something inside of that file, we can use a command echo.

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You simply just typed it like this echo.

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And to put something you specify after the echo, let's say today is a really good day.

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So we specified an entire sentence.

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And all we need to do is to put this sentence inside of this file is to specify this arrow to the right.

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And after it, specify the name of the file that we want to put this sentence in, so Echo today is

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a really good day into the file.

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One press enter and if we catch it once again with the cat comment.

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So Cat fight one.

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We will see that now it outputs exactly what we've written to that file using the Echo comment, OK,

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that's all good.

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But there is an easier way and more practical way to do all of this.

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We can use a text editor to write things inside of a file and an easy text editor that we can run from

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terminal is called Nannerl.

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So let's try to do the same thing we just did using Nano.

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If we type now and after nine 00 comes the name of the file that you want to edit, and since we want

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to edit our new file that we haven't created yet, we can simply just type name let's call it file two

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and press enter this will open this empty window where we can type anything we want.

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We can type file content here and it can be anything we can type, for example, text here, but we

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could also type code if we wanted to.

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Let's start with text first.

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Let's write just the World as a text.

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To save this, we press control OAP together, then enter to save under this name and then control X

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exit the NENO Ed.

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If we know type cat and then filed to and by the way, we can notice that file too has been created

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along file one on our desktop.

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But if we can file to.

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We can see the output of Hello World.

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So we managed to do it only using one tool, which is now, instead of using two tools which are touch

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and echo, but I also mentioned we can do the same thing with programs.

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For example, how can we create Python program using nano and terminal?

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First, we need to open a file, so let's type NENO and then file free dot vi.

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And in this case we add dot p y because that is an extension for Python programs.

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Then inside of it, after pressing enter, we're going to run a simple command, which is print.

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And then hello, world between the quote.

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And you will see that some stuff changes colors, this is because the Nano editor recognizes this as

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a Python program.

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What we did right here, in case you're not familiar with Python, is we just ran a simple function

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that will print out the string that is in between the quote.

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So this will just print out how world let's save it with control.

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OK, then press enter and then control exit.

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And luckily for us, Python is already installed in clinics.

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So all we need to do to run this program is to type python free.

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And then the name of the file file three dot by.

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Press enter and the program will execute here it printed out.

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Hello, world cool, right?

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You will also notice that the icon is different than these two icons.

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This is also, once again, because this is recognized as a python program.

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It even has the Python icon.

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Now that we know how to create false and execute Python programs, the next question would be how can

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we create the rectories?

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To create a directory, we can use the command mkdir, which stands for Make Directorate.

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To check it out, let us front and Kadir and name of the rectory folder.

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So press enter and if I type, yes, we will see that we got our files as well as a directory, which

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is a different color and it is called folder.

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Remember, we differentiate them by color and also if we try to change the rectory to the folder, it

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will work.

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It will even give us the path of slash desktop slash folder.

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Great in that folder.

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You can do pretty much anything you want.

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You can create sub folders or create files, whatever you want to do.

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You can to move, for example, our Python program from the desktop directory to our folder directory.

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We can use Command and V, which stands for both.

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We must first navigate back to that subdirectory.

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Let's do it using CD and then two dots to go one directory back and from it we run the command and we

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file three people into the folder.

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So we specify move.

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Then the second parameter is what we want to move, which in our case is file three, the P, and the

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last parameter is where we want to move it.

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We want to move it inside of our folder, suppress your enter and you will notice that the file tree,

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that pie disappeared from our.

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That's the directory.

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We can also check that Taiping else and notice that our Python program is no longer here, but if we

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go to the folder directory Antipolice here, we will see it here because we moved it.

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Here it is file three that by now this is a handy comment and you will use it a lot besides moving the

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file.

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We also want to see how we can copy a file and we can do it using this comment.

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This does the exact same thing as move command, but it doesn't move it from original directorate to

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desired directory, it just copies it.

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So let's try to copy file three that P y and call it file for that by.

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If I typed CP, which stands for copy file three would be.

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And I type file for that pie right after it.

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This will create an exact copy of our file in the same directory if I press enter.

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Type, here it is, we got filed three to three and filed for the pivo, if we want to change whether

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they are exactly the same, we can catch the content of file three to three and get the content of file

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for the copyright.

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And we can see they're both the same Python programs.

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And last comment that we want to cover regarding Falls is the command and.

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This command deletes files and directories and let's say we try to delete files for the FBI, that is

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our copy of our Python program.

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We can do it by typing our name and then file for that by.

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Now, be careful with this common sense, once you delete the file, there is no trash bin where you

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can retrieve it, it is gone.

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If I type enter antipolice, you will see our file for the P is no longer there.

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OK, but how do we delete a directory?

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Let's first create a directory inside of our folder directory, and to do that we type mkdir and let's

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call it folder to folder to is a subdirectory of our folder if I type.

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Here it is.

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And let's say we did create this directory by mistake and we want to delete it, can we use our M folder

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to.

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Well, we can try it.

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Hmm, cannot remove all or two, and it will tell us that it is a directory, so how do we delete it?

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Well, we'll remove it in the same way we remove files.

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We just add an option at the end of the comment.

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So type our M folder, too, and then at the end, add space and then dash part.

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Press enter and this will delete our directory also double check what you're deleting with this common

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sense.

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If you go to our directory, which is directory containing all folders and files in system, and if

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we were to type, for example, in that directory, ah, and then the stop sign and then there are this

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command for delete in park Linux machine with all of its files.

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So always pay attention.

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What exactly are you deleting in Linux and from which the rectory.

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Are you deleting sins inside of the Linux.

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You will not be stopped in deleting anything you want.

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You can easily delete a crucial file for the operating system and make your clinic's machine unworkable.

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That is also a reason why we are practicing with virtual machine.

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So let's whoops, I actually ran this and you will notice that the results of this comment, if I type

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ls now over folder is completely empty.

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So I actually ran this by mistake.

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And keep in mind, if I actually ran this from this directory, which is our route directly, I would

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delete entire clinic system for now.

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It is good since I only deleted our Python program, so it is not a big deal.

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OK, great.

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We learned a bunch of the commands in this lecture.

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Now I got the practice test for you that you can try to do for the next lecture inside of our folder

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directory since I deleted my Python program.

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I want you to create the file trade API once again.

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You can type anything you want inside of it.

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You can use the print hello world statement that we used.

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And what I want you to do using the commands you learned in this video is to copy that file in the desktop

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directory from our folder directory.

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So you created inside this directory and I want you to copy it back to the desktop directory.

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A hint is that it can be a little tricky once you copy files from some directory to directory anyways,

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just try it and we're going to see the solution in the next video.