1
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And finally, we're in the application layer.

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Now, if you remember, I mentioned before for the ease of use, the last three layers, session, layer,

3
00:00:10,760 --> 00:00:16,670
presentation layer and application layer are thought of together as the application layer.

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As you know, these three layers are already a single layer in the TCP IP reference model.

5
00:00:23,910 --> 00:00:29,880
So the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process

6
00:00:30,030 --> 00:00:36,930
to process communications across an Internet protocol computer network, the application layer only

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standardizes communication and depends upon the underlying transport layer protocols to establish host

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to host data transfer channels and manage the data exchange in a client server or peer to peer networking

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model.

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So let's have a look at some important protocols of the application layer.