1 00:00:01,670 --> 00:00:04,130 There are two main wireless operating modes. 2 00:00:05,190 --> 00:00:08,130 Infrastructure and ad hoc. 3 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:15,810 So in the case of wireless networking and infrastructure mode, you are connecting your devices using 4 00:00:15,810 --> 00:00:18,780 a central device, namely a wireless access point. 5 00:00:19,850 --> 00:00:27,800 To join the W land or wireless LAN, the AP and all the wireless clients are configured to use the same 6 00:00:28,070 --> 00:00:28,670 US ID. 7 00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:36,330 The AP is and cabled to the Wired network to allow wireless clients to access, for example, Internet 8 00:00:36,330 --> 00:00:37,740 connections or printers. 9 00:00:39,110 --> 00:00:46,100 Additional apes can be added to the wireless lan to increase the reach of the infrastructure and support 10 00:00:46,100 --> 00:00:48,260 any number of wireless clients. 11 00:00:50,140 --> 00:00:55,000 So compare or contrast this to ad hoc mode networks. 12 00:00:56,230 --> 00:00:59,830 Now, this makes wireless connections directly between computers. 13 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:04,680 Infrastructure mode, wireless networks use networking infrastructure. 14 00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:11,750 So in this case, infrastructure refers to switches and routers, firewalls, access points or apps, 15 00:01:12,410 --> 00:01:18,470 infrastructure mode, wireless networking is the mode that you most often encounter in your work as 16 00:01:18,470 --> 00:01:25,100 a networking professional, supporting networks for clients or in a corporate or enterprise environment. 17 00:01:25,830 --> 00:01:32,780 At a minimum, the only network infrastructure component that is required for infrastructure mode is 18 00:01:32,780 --> 00:01:33,830 an access point. 19 00:01:34,820 --> 00:01:41,290 But if an app is all you have, you have no more than you would have when you're using ad hoc mode. 20 00:01:42,750 --> 00:01:48,420 However, most infrastructure mode, applications and implementations include other components from, 21 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:52,170 oh, well, just traditional network infrastructures. 22 00:01:53,490 --> 00:02:00,540 On Linux type operating systems, acting as a station, namely a client, is usually called managed 23 00:02:00,540 --> 00:02:06,030 mode, and when acting as an app, it's usually referred to as master mode. 24 00:02:07,470 --> 00:02:12,660 An ad hoc network consists of at least two stations communicating without an AP. 25 00:02:13,720 --> 00:02:16,180 This mode is also called peer to peer mode. 26 00:02:17,240 --> 00:02:22,940 In an ad hoc network, one of the participating stations takes on some of the responsibilities of an 27 00:02:22,940 --> 00:02:24,890 app such as Beaconing. 28 00:02:25,890 --> 00:02:29,250 And the authentication of new clients joining the network. 29 00:02:30,870 --> 00:02:37,650 So when ad hoc mode, the station taking on the responsibilities of the app does not relay packets to 30 00:02:37,650 --> 00:02:39,690 other nodes like an app does. 31 00:02:41,610 --> 00:02:49,110 Monitor mode is not really a wireless mode, but it is essentially important in attacking wireless networks. 32 00:02:50,120 --> 00:02:55,880 In a nutshell, monitor mode allows a wireless card to monitor the packets that are received without 33 00:02:55,880 --> 00:02:56,630 any filtering. 34 00:02:57,500 --> 00:03:03,380 So monitor mode is essentially the promiscuous mode, if you will, equivalent for wireless. 35 00:03:04,570 --> 00:03:12,010 If well, in both cases, actually, you see all the packets going across the wire or channel. 36 00:03:14,060 --> 00:03:20,840 And when using some wireless drivers, this mode allows for the sending of raw Aido to 11 frames. 37 00:03:21,930 --> 00:03:28,830 This mode is important for reading packets from the card, analyzing them and updating the user interface 38 00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:34,390 as it determines new information, it doesn't transmit packets themselves. 39 00:03:34,650 --> 00:03:40,740 Instead, it listens to all the packets on a given channel and then analyzes those packets to see just 40 00:03:40,740 --> 00:03:41,520 what's going on. 41 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:48,300 So if you and your neighbors share the same channel, when you put your card into a monitor mode to 42 00:03:48,300 --> 00:03:53,030 see what's going on in your network, you're going to see their traffic as well. 43 00:03:55,510 --> 00:04:00,640 So why don't we go ahead and see how to enable monitor mode of the wireless network card in Caleigh 44 00:04:00,640 --> 00:04:01,210 Lennix. 45 00:04:02,370 --> 00:04:03,930 So we'll go to the Calli machine. 46 00:04:05,210 --> 00:04:09,650 And plug in the Wi-Fi adapter that goes into your host machine. 47 00:04:10,630 --> 00:04:14,320 Open the terminal screen and switch the user to the super user. 48 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:17,910 So you got to do that first. 49 00:04:19,950 --> 00:04:24,720 Now, let's see the status of the adapter with the IWU config command. 50 00:04:26,050 --> 00:04:28,560 So it's is managed right now. 51 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:35,380 So we can enable monitor mode with a script airman Angie. 52 00:04:37,230 --> 00:04:43,080 So if we run this command without any parameters, it lists the status of the wireless interfaces. 53 00:04:44,960 --> 00:04:50,930 To enable monitor mode, run airman engy start w land zero. 54 00:04:54,130 --> 00:05:00,820 And as you can see before enabling it, we must kill the processes of the network managers with the 55 00:05:01,030 --> 00:05:04,090 airmen and check kill command. 56 00:05:07,410 --> 00:05:13,920 So let's try to run the previous command again, and it doesn't work now because we kill the processes 57 00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:15,450 of the network interfaces. 58 00:05:16,420 --> 00:05:20,230 And then W Land zero is switched to monitor mode. 59 00:05:22,170 --> 00:05:22,530 All right. 60 00:05:22,560 --> 00:05:24,030 Let's have a look at the status again. 61 00:05:25,220 --> 00:05:34,070 And there it is on monitor mode now, and the name W Land Zero became W Land Zero Mont. 62 00:05:38,470 --> 00:05:44,620 So to disable monitor mode, just run airman engie, stop that land, zero, man. 63 00:05:46,470 --> 00:05:48,210 And now it's changed back again. 64 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:57,440 So after these steps, please note that we must restart the network manager, so service network manager 65 00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:57,830 start. 66 00:05:59,700 --> 00:06:06,930 And then finally, let's check the double ensure that the network managers are up and running and sure 67 00:06:06,930 --> 00:06:08,210 enough, everything looks OK. 68 00:06:09,470 --> 00:06:10,180 Very cool.