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The biggest consequence of the lack of security policy is that users do not know how to react to typical

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and atypical situations.

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In a way we shift the responsibility for the decision onto others.

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But they can't really make such a call because they do not know the working principles of computer systems.

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In the slide you can see one of the older solutions which was created to protect users from a piece

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of malicious software called a key logger

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bloggers tracked the keystroke on a keyboard and remember the sequence.

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They act like a virtual copy of a real keyboard.

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The solution presented here doesn't seem to be thought through.

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Every security solution must meet two criteria.

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It must serve the specific purpose and it mustn't make it harder to use the program or system it's installed

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on.

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The purpose of the solution presented in the slide is to prevent a key logger from tracking a user's

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keyboard input.

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This input may then be used to hijack a session to make online shopping at the user's expense.

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Or disbands users virtual money.

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The truth is however that this solution doesn't really protect the user from any of these threats it

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offers protection against tracking keystrokes only.

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For example the computer used to log into my pay may be infected with malware that doesn't track keystrokes

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but is able to hijack the system.

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So the solution presented in the slide is complicated and yet unreliable.

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Another example of an unfortunate security solution is a PC smart card reader with a PIN pad a smart

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card or a chip card.

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It's based on a digital key which both protects and authenticates the identity of the card holder.

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To be able to use the digital key you need to know the cards PIN number one manufacturer introduced

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a small device for personal computers that look like a credit card reader.

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The idea was to use the pin pad not the keyboard to enter the PIN numbers so that the key logger couldn't

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record it.

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Supposedly it made it safe to use PC smart cards even if the computer was infected with a key logger.

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However the solution was complicated impractical and inconvenient.

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In reality it failed to eliminate real threats.

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Actually to know the PIN number is not enough to attempt an attack.

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Use a smart card you have to know the PIN number but you also have to possess the actual card

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otherwise the attack is impossible.

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A security policy should help you to design smart security solutions.

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Solutions which won't be annoying and inconvenient.

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For example a virtual keyboard which requires the user to enter the password by clicking on the symbols

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with the mouse cursor is inconvenient and will ultimately make the user change the password to a shorter

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one.

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So in reality it makes the system less secure.

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Recently as a consequence of this shift in the approach to the issue computer security has been viewed

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as a process where continuum

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in security process should consist of at least four elements protect detect react restore.

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First you should define the resource you would like to protect.

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Then you should detect actions that violate the security policy such violations may turn out to be user's

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errors or real attacks.

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You also have to react accordingly.

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Remember that a system is never secured.

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It can only be protected to a certain extent.

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You have limited time to take action.

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If you use it properly you can counter a successful attack or even completely stop it.

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If you fail to use the time you have all you will be able to do is record the attack

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the last elements of an effective security process is recovery strategy.

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What you can do to restore the system after a failure or an attack

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the goal of a security process is not to guarantee that the attack is impossible.

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Sooner or later the attack will occur.

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Thanks to a security process you will be able to detect it Schneier who is a computer security guru

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and a data encryption expert used to say security is a process not a product.