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Hello the beautiful people.

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And welcome back.

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Now in this video, we're going to be discussing how you can take your sorting abilities to the next

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level by looking at how you can sort data that is in tabular format.

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So data that comes in tables by showing you how you can sort up and down various columns.

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Now, this is super cool because it means that you can do all this kind of data sorting right from the

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command line.

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You don't need to open up a spreadsheet software.

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You can do it right there in the terminal and save all that juicy, juicy processing power.

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So let's go ahead and jump right into it and see how this works.

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All right.

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So sometimes you get a lot of data out of your commands.

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And one example of this is the LZ command with the L option.

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So the LZ Dash L command.

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So if, for example, if we did that on the Z folder, so this is the folder that contains all of the

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system configuration files.

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And you can see that we just get a whole bunch of results out of this.

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You just get loads and loads and loads of stuff coming out of there.

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But just to make this a bit easier to see, let's just pass that into the head command and get the first

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20 lines.

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And there we are.

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There's the first 20 lines of output.

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Okay, so what if we wanted to sort this data by the columns?

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So what if we wanted to sort by certain columns?

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Now you can actually do that in the Sorte Command using the K option.

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So for example, if we wanted to sort by, I don't know, I guess this column which is about the file

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sizes, so you see this one here that this column is all about file sizes or maybe we want to sort by

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date, for example, and we wanted to sort by date, which would be these few columns or whatever.

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You know, you can do all that in the source command.

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So let's just see how we might go about doing this.

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So how we do it, if I just clear the screen is you'd pipe it into the sort command or the data into

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the source command and you give it the K option.

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Now after the K option, you need to tell the sort command how to sort this input using what the sort

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command calls a key definition or a key def.

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This is all in the main page, by the way, but let me show you how it works.

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First, you tell it what column it should sort by.

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Okay?

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So if I just scroll up a little bit, you can see our results that we got before.

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We want to sort by the column with these big numbers here.

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Now, those numbers, as I said, are actually file sizes in bytes.

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So let's say we want to sort our files from largest to smallest.

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Okay.

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So first, we need to give the key def, the column number we want to sort by.

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So if we count here as column one, so that's one.

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It's column two.

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That's column three.

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That's column four and that's column five.

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Okay.

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So the column number is five.

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So if we come back to our new command line, we're going to type five, then you need to tell it, then

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you basically can pass it any other options that we like.

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So for example, if we want to sort numerically, we would type N and you can pass any options you like.

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So if you wanted to sort reverse, you'd type an R there as well, just like you've seen in the last

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video.

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If you wanted unique you type a you and that's it.

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That's how you make your key definition.

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But let's just have the N for now.

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So what we're saying here is, okay, list out everything that's in the Z folder, take the first 20

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lines and then sort it by the fifth column.

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And when we press enter, we'll see that.

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Yes, actually, the data has been sorted by the fifth column.

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You can see that we're starting with the smallest files first and working all the way up until the biggest.

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But actually we wanted it the other way round, didn't we?

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We wanted the biggest files first.

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So if we wanted to make that happen, we'd just type an R there.

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So we're saying sort numerically, but in reverse order.

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So largest to smallest instead of smallest to largest, remembering that the sort command by default

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goes small to big.

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Now we're going big to small.

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So when we do that, we see that, yep, now we're starting at big 4096 and getting smaller as we go

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down.

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So that's super cool, right?

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Like we've just taken a big set of data and sorted it by columns, which is an amazing ability to be

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able to just do from the command line.

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Notice we didn't have to open anything like Microsoft Excel.

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We just sorted the data straight from the command line.

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But one thing that you might notice, especially with the LZ output, is that these file sizes, these

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file sizes are kind of hard to interpret, right?

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These are all in bytes.

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And I don't know about you, but I tend to read things in kilobytes or megabytes or something like that.

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I don't tend to read it directly in bytes.

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So as you know, the LZ command has an option that allows you to read, you know, to give the data

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in human readable format.

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So if we do that, we do human readable format.

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You can see now that what's happening is we're getting it's telling us the amount of kilobytes.

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So it's saying this is four kilobytes, four kilobytes, four gigabytes, three kilobytes, 2.2 kilobytes.

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And then the rest are just in bytes and it would say megabytes, gigabytes or whatever it was for the

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files that we're dealing with.

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So that's the height option for the LZ command.

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It gives you human readable output, but you may have noticed that this is just completely messed up

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our sorting.

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Right?

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It's just like before we were sorting perfectly, like we were sorting biggest at the top, smallest

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at the bottom.

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But now it's just doing whatever it wants.

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And the reason is the Sorte Command, when you tell it to sort numerically with the end option, that's

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a completely different thing to sorting with human readable data.

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Okay.

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So to make it actually sort with human readable data, you need to give it the hash option instead of

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the N, you give it the hash option and you can't have both at the same time.

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Okay.

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So if I clear the screen and instead of having the end option, we now have the option and we press

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enter.

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Now you can see that it's working and we're getting the largest sizes at the top and the smallest at

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the bottom while still getting the data in human.

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Format.

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So we get the best of both worlds, really.

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So remember, if you want to sort by human readable data, you just need to give the sort command the

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hatch option in its key def or just in general if you've only got one column to deal with.

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But here we had it in a key def so we we type the option there now you can also sort by month so let's

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see how we might sort by this column here which is all about the the date and the the file was last

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edited.

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So let's clear the screen and let's take a look here.

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So we're saying print out list for us in long form format with human readable file sizes, everything

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in the folder give us just the top 20 lines and sort for us by the fifth column.

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Human readable, reversible.

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Okay, reversed.

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Well, actually, the the date is the column after this one.

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So we need to have instead of the fifth column, we want the sixth column.

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So we're going to do is in our key def, we're going to change the 5 to 6.

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And instead of human readable, we're just going to put a capital M.

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Now this is going to allow us to sort by month and if I press enter now you can see that yes we have

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indeed sorted by month and we've got Jan at the top and we've got then May, August and then October

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coming all the way down the bottom.

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So that's really, really cool.

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Right.

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You can also as well combine this with oops, you can combine this with reversible by putting an R in

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there.

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And now we'll find that if I clear the screen and run it again, you'll see that October is at the top

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and now January is at the bottom.

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So, so there you go.

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Like once you understand these several different options, it's really not that much more difficult

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to sort by certain columns.

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All you've got to do is sort.

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It's just in the key def.

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Tell it which column that you want.

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Now here's a challenge for you.

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I want to see whether you can tell me how you might sort by this column so that the you know, the smallest

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numbers come first.

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Okay.

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So how would you sort by this column, which is just now has these numbers here, how would you sort

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by that column so that the smallest numbers were first?

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Go ahead and pause the videos now and then come back to see how you did.

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How'd you get on?

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Did you manage it?

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Well, if you did, well done.

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And that's really, really quick learning.

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Here's how I would have gone about doing it.

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Okay, so what I'd do is we'd keep everything at the same Liz with the Etsy taking out the top 20 lines

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and now the only difference is our key def.

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So the first question we know we've given the K option to the command.

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What's the first question is what's the column number?

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Well, the column number well, here this is the first column.

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This is the second column.

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Right.

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So let's put two and we want to sort this numerically, right?

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So we're going to sort it numerically.

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Now by default, the sort command will sort smallest first, right?

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So that means we don't have to reverse anything.

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It will start with the smallest number first by default.

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So if I clear the screen and try that, then now we see that it has been sorted by this column with

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the smallest numbers coming first.

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And if we wanted to reverse that, we'd just give it the N option and it would reverse that so that

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now you're getting the eight at the top and the and the smallest numbers, the ones down the bottom.

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So there's loads of different ways that you can you can do this, but there you are.

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That's that's how you would use this sort command in order to sort a data in columns.

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And as usual, one thing that I should note is that here we're having N and R, it doesn't matter if

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I wrote that or an end.

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It doesn't matter at all, like what order that you write stuff in these key definitions.

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Just think of them as normal options that you just put right there in the key definition.

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So order doesn't matter.

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So there you have it.

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We've covered a whole lot of stuff in the last two videos about sorting data, and in this video we

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took a look at how you would sort data that is in a table format using the command line.

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And you saw the key to this was to use the sort command with the K option.

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Now you need to give the K option something called a key def and a key def follows like this kind of

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structure.

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So first you'll give it a number, and that number is the column that you're sought by.

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So for example, we have the number three here and that means sort using column three.

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Then after that, you can give it any other options that you want, like you've seen in the last video,

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for example, you can give it the N option to sort numerically and the R option to sort in a reverse

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manner.

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So largest to smallest instead of smallest to largest and to source human readable data, you'd use

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the H option, not the N option.

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And those are incompatible.

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You can't use both at the same time.

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So if you've got human readable data, then use the option instead of the N option like you saw with

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the RLS command that we used in this video.

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Now you can also sort using months using the capital M option and because the sort commands sort smallest

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to largest, you'll find that January comes first and then December comes last.

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But of course you can reverse that using the R option as well.

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And the order of options in the key def don't matter as usual, just like you were entering them normally

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on the command line.

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It doesn't matter if you put in and then R instead of r and then n, it doesn't matter the order.

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But just make sure that you don't have incompatible options such as the numerical sort and the human

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readable sort at the same time, because that won't work very well.

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So you now know how to sort data using tabular sort tabular data using the command line.

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And now you should be really the master of sorting data using the command line.

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So well done you.

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So in the next video, what we're going to do is we're going to take a look at an incredibly versatile

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command called the grep command now because one thing that is super useful when working with the command

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line is being able to search through data to find what we are looking for and pick out just the bits

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that we're interested in.

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Now, the grip command has got to be one of the most commonly used commands of all time, and it's going

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to be such an awesome addition to your Linux toolkit.

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You've probably already come across it in some form or some form or another if you've ever done some,

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you know, searching around on the Internet for anything to do with Linux, you probably come across

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the grep command.

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So I can't really wait to show you this and show you how to use it properly.

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So for all that good stuff, I'll see you in the next video.