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Hi.

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So in this lesson we are going to understand a command which is change owner c h own.

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This command is used to change the user and the group ownership for any file or directory.

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The syntax is change owner the user name that needs to be given to any file.

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Similarly to a directory, we can also change the group names which can be done using a semicolon.

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We'll also see how we can change the owner and the group recursively for directories wherein there are

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multiple files inside a directory.

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So it's the practical time and let's see how we use change owner.

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I'm onto my terminal right now and I have created two files called this file one, file two and a directory

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called a directory one.

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Let us see the permissions.

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Currently the files have been created using the user root and the group root.

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Also, the directory has been created by the user route and the group route.

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Now we're going to change the owners of or ownership of these files and directories when we use the

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command ls hyphen l r.

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It shows us recursively what is inside directory one as we can see inside directory one there are two

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more files called as file one and file two.

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Great.

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Now let us change the ownership of these files one by one and observe.

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So the first thing that I'm going to do is I'm going to change the owner of file one, which is route

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to another user.

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So let's change the ownership of this file from the user route to hacked ify and give the file name

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as file one.

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Let us verify that our changes have been completed or no.

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And we can see successfully the C own command got executed and we have changed the ownership of the

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file one.

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Now let us do the same thing for file two.

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So I'm going to use the command C zone again, but this time we're going to change the group.

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The group is root.

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We are changing the group to Curly, which is followed by a semicolon.

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Let's see again.

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And we can see this was the first file one.

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Now for file two, this group ownership has been changed from root to curly.

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Great.

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Let us do one thing.

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Let us create an empty file using the command touch, which is file three.

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As we can see, the user and the group both are root because currently the root user is logged in,

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which has created this empty file known as file three.

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Let's change the ownership of this file.

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Let's say the user be hacked ify.

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So the command is going to be c h own rectify.

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Also change the group ownership to another which is Kali for file three.

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Now as we can see, when we ran the command, the user and group both have changed.

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We can verify that also with hyphen V, which stands for Verbose, which gives us more output of what

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the command is doing in the background.

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As here we can see the ownership of file three retained as hacked ify and Kali.

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Now let us again run this command.

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This time you're going to change the ownership of the user of file two.

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We are going to say C own.

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The user should be curly and hyphen V, which is verbose, which shows the message that the ownership

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changed from root to curly.

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Let us see.

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Now the directory.

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As you can see, the directory has the user route and group route.

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Let's go inside that directory by using the command change directory city.

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Here we can see that there are two files called this file one, file two, which has the same user and

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group which was applied to directory one.

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This time we will see how we can recursively change the user and the group ownership of directories

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and files.

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So for that you're going to use the command C phone hyphen capital R, which stands for recursive.

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Let's give the user ownership as Rectify and group as Kali to directory one before.

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As we can see, it was root and root.

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Now let's hit enter with hyphen V, which will show us what is happening in the background and we can

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see the changed ownership has successfully completed.

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Let's verify using the command ls hyphen l capital r which shows us the list and we can see successfully

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the directory user and group ownership and the files inside that directories has also been changed.

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So I hope you guys understood this.

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Thank you.