1
00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:05,670
Before we dive into this course I want to talk about a day in the life of an ethical hacker.

2
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:13,380
And I want to talk about why I love ethical hacking or penetration testing and what I do on a day to

3
00:00:13,380 --> 00:00:14,130
day basis.

4
00:00:14,130 --> 00:00:20,400
What kind of engagements you might find yourself in as an ethical hacker and then the soft skills and

5
00:00:20,400 --> 00:00:21,180
technical skills.

6
00:00:21,180 --> 00:00:24,990
I think that you should have in order to be successful in this field.

7
00:00:25,260 --> 00:00:30,260
So let's go ahead and first look at why pin testing so why pen testing why for me.

8
00:00:30,270 --> 00:00:32,310
Well I work from home.

9
00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:36,560
I roll out of bed at like 750 5:00 in the morning.

10
00:00:36,630 --> 00:00:40,370
I'll get my coffee ready I'll go to my desk I'll make it there by 8:00.

11
00:00:40,770 --> 00:00:43,280
And I am ready to go.

12
00:00:43,290 --> 00:00:45,030
I don't have to sit in traffic.

13
00:00:45,090 --> 00:00:46,340
I'll have to drive to work.

14
00:00:46,350 --> 00:00:50,540
I you know I save so much time out of my life just by working from home.

15
00:00:50,550 --> 00:00:51,780
It's a great luxury.

16
00:00:51,780 --> 00:00:52,920
I love the lifestyle.

17
00:00:52,920 --> 00:00:58,800
It's not for everybody but a lot of penetration testing nowadays is working from home.

18
00:00:58,800 --> 00:01:04,710
And another great thing about pen testing is that the salaries are incredibly high.

19
00:01:04,710 --> 00:01:12,290
My first job in the field was over six figures meaning over one hundred thousand dollars in this field.

20
00:01:12,480 --> 00:01:16,590
As a you know first year pen tester.

21
00:01:16,590 --> 00:01:24,870
So it's incredible money and it it's very lucrative moving up anywhere from senior pen tester to make

22
00:01:24,870 --> 00:01:26,810
one hundred and fifty thousand dollars.

23
00:01:26,880 --> 00:01:30,890
A manager can make somewhere around one hundred and seventy to two hundred thousand dollars.

24
00:01:30,960 --> 00:01:32,270
And really the sky's the limit.

25
00:01:32,300 --> 00:01:39,060
Especially if you go out and you do your own business or your own consulting the salaries are very very

26
00:01:39,060 --> 00:01:41,550
high because this is a very technical field.

27
00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:48,720
And there there is a job shortage of people shortage right now we need we have more jobs and we have

28
00:01:48,720 --> 00:01:52,260
people so that relates to high salaries as well.

29
00:01:52,500 --> 00:01:54,290
On top of that the benefits are great.

30
00:01:54,300 --> 00:01:55,850
The work life balance is great.

31
00:01:55,860 --> 00:01:57,980
Again this boils down to where you work.

32
00:01:58,050 --> 00:02:03,600
But for me personally you know I'm working 40 hour weeks.

33
00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:10,830
My benefits are are have been fantastic through and through and I just I love the lifestyle right.

34
00:02:10,860 --> 00:02:16,540
That work from home that 40 hours a week I was an accountant before I got into penetration testing.

35
00:02:16,740 --> 00:02:20,810
And let me tell you I was working 60 hours a week 70 hour weeks.

36
00:02:20,820 --> 00:02:26,340
I was in the office all the time and I was you know I was going in when it was dark and I was coming

37
00:02:26,340 --> 00:02:32,160
home when it was dark and it just you know can easily lead to depression doing that.

38
00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:36,300
I've not experienced any of that and penetration testing and I'm really really happy for it.

39
00:02:36,660 --> 00:02:39,960
So on top of all this it is mentally stimulating.

40
00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:45,780
This is one of the best fields I am what I consider a lifelong learner.

41
00:02:45,810 --> 00:02:47,920
I like to learn.

42
00:02:47,960 --> 00:02:50,780
I am nonstop learning right and I have that personality type.

43
00:02:50,790 --> 00:02:56,730
And you're going to find that if you enjoy this field it's never going to feel like work to you.

44
00:02:56,730 --> 00:03:03,090
I could sit here and I can pen tests for 80 hours and it never feels like work to me it is just mentally

45
00:03:03,090 --> 00:03:04,110
stimulating.

46
00:03:04,170 --> 00:03:05,190
It's a puzzle.

47
00:03:05,190 --> 00:03:06,650
There's always something new to learn.

48
00:03:06,660 --> 00:03:10,460
There's always a new attack out and there's always a new defense out as well.

49
00:03:10,470 --> 00:03:16,890
So somebody is always trying to block your attacks and it's this cat and mouse game and if you do not

50
00:03:16,890 --> 00:03:21,360
stay up to date or on top of things you're going to get left behind.

51
00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:26,790
So you have to have that mentality in this field where you're always willing to learn and you like learning

52
00:03:27,210 --> 00:03:29,540
and that's really like for me.

53
00:03:29,550 --> 00:03:33,120
That's a positive to pen testing because I enjoy that.

54
00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:36,550
And lastly of course it's legal breaking and entering.

55
00:03:36,570 --> 00:03:37,590
Who doesn't like that.

56
00:03:37,590 --> 00:03:38,970
I get to break into buildings.

57
00:03:38,970 --> 00:03:43,400
I get to break into Web sites into networks and people pay me to do it.

58
00:03:43,410 --> 00:03:46,670
I cannot believe that this is a job when I first heard about it.

59
00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:48,690
I was like No way hackers.

60
00:03:48,690 --> 00:03:50,240
Hackers are bad guys right.

61
00:03:50,250 --> 00:03:55,470
But hackers can be good guys too and we can get paid very lucrative salaries.

62
00:03:55,470 --> 00:03:56,070
So from here.

63
00:03:56,070 --> 00:04:00,690
Let's talk about a day to day life style.

64
00:04:00,690 --> 00:04:04,940
So day to day here what's guaranteed most.

65
00:04:04,970 --> 00:04:07,790
It basically should be guaranteed is that I roll out of bed.

66
00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:14,520
I'm still relatively young and I have several different types of assessments that I can do in this really

67
00:04:14,520 --> 00:04:15,240
isn't all of them.

68
00:04:15,240 --> 00:04:18,060
But this is the ones that I do the most.

69
00:04:18,060 --> 00:04:24,570
Now I have what is an external or internal network assessment and we're gonna cover those quite a bit

70
00:04:24,570 --> 00:04:29,790
in this course but when we're talking external network assessment that means that I'm evaluating a network

71
00:04:29,820 --> 00:04:35,810
from the outside I could be I could be in China I can be United States I could be in Russia.

72
00:04:35,820 --> 00:04:37,970
It doesn't matter where I'm attacking from right.

73
00:04:37,980 --> 00:04:42,330
I could be in any country at any time attacking this network.

74
00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:47,080
So I'm on the outside looking in the internal is different.

75
00:04:47,160 --> 00:04:50,510
We assume at this point that we have breached the network.

76
00:04:50,580 --> 00:04:51,940
We have a dropbox.

77
00:04:51,980 --> 00:04:54,540
We've got some sort of code execution on their network.

78
00:04:54,540 --> 00:04:56,430
We logged into their VPN.

79
00:04:56,430 --> 00:04:57,300
It doesn't matter.

80
00:04:57,300 --> 00:05:00,080
Somehow some way we're on that network.

81
00:05:00,120 --> 00:05:05,520
What can we do once we're inside the network and what that means is we're going to be talking a lot

82
00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:09,310
about Active Directory pen testing and that's really what it corresponds to.

83
00:05:09,420 --> 00:05:15,510
And this course is going to hit very very heavy on Active Directory because of this and this.

84
00:05:15,570 --> 00:05:21,930
So you have two different types of network pen test and they the methodology is very similar the attacks

85
00:05:21,960 --> 00:05:24,480
in tool sets are very different.

86
00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:29,580
So they can almost be split apart into their own subsections but you will have external pen tests internal

87
00:05:29,580 --> 00:05:31,800
pen tests on the network side.

88
00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:34,770
You may be asked to do web application penetration testing.

89
00:05:35,100 --> 00:05:38,610
So that is assessing a Web site right.

90
00:05:38,670 --> 00:05:43,800
You have a Web site or an application that is given to you and you want to see if you can break that

91
00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:48,900
Web site if you can log in as an administrator or get somewhere that you you shouldn't be able to get

92
00:05:48,900 --> 00:05:52,850
to and you just want to evaluate the security posture of that Web site.

93
00:05:52,860 --> 00:05:56,000
So there are a lot of tools and methodologies out there for that.

94
00:05:56,010 --> 00:06:00,840
And we're gonna cover the top 10 in this course when we talk about that which is big when it comes to

95
00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:03,120
testing web applications.

96
00:06:03,120 --> 00:06:09,960
So from there we also have what is called wireless penetration testing that is the evaluation of a wireless

97
00:06:10,050 --> 00:06:10,910
network.

98
00:06:10,950 --> 00:06:14,560
So we'll go on site we'll try to hack into the wireless.

99
00:06:14,610 --> 00:06:18,560
We'll look at the guest network and see if there's any segmentation or not.

100
00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:24,450
Should a guest be able to sign in and access the same network that somebody who is a logged in as an

101
00:06:24,450 --> 00:06:26,100
employee should access.

102
00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:27,140
The answer is No.

103
00:06:27,210 --> 00:06:28,760
But it happens quite a bit.

104
00:06:28,770 --> 00:06:34,730
We'll also look for rogue devices and see you know what might be out there that is interesting to us.

105
00:06:34,770 --> 00:06:40,130
We'll we'll talk more about all these different assessments when we get into their respective sections.

106
00:06:40,130 --> 00:06:45,260
Now there's also what is called physical or social or phishing.

107
00:06:45,270 --> 00:06:49,050
There are three different types but they fall into social engineering.

108
00:06:49,050 --> 00:06:53,670
Now physical assessment is where you go onsite and you try to break into a building.

109
00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:59,220
You have a destination in mind maybe it's a server closet or you know some some critical location the

110
00:06:59,220 --> 00:07:01,350
building that they don't want you to get into.

111
00:07:01,440 --> 00:07:03,830
This could involve picking locks.

112
00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:10,650
Social engineering a lot of the time cloning badges you know in just making your way into this building

113
00:07:10,770 --> 00:07:13,470
through whatever methodology you can.

114
00:07:13,470 --> 00:07:18,300
Now social engineering in fishing those are kind of hand-in-hand.

115
00:07:18,300 --> 00:07:23,250
You'll do a fishing campaign or social engineering campaign or even a fishing where you're calling on

116
00:07:23,250 --> 00:07:27,840
the phone and you're trying to get information and you're just after you know what kind of credentials

117
00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:30,780
can I get who clicks on my links.

118
00:07:30,780 --> 00:07:32,440
What kind of passwords do I get.

119
00:07:32,550 --> 00:07:37,610
Etc. We also have what is called sock assessment.

120
00:07:37,610 --> 00:07:43,550
So a sock isthmus assessment is also known as purple teaming and purple teaming is when you combine

121
00:07:43,610 --> 00:07:44,760
red and blue.

122
00:07:44,780 --> 00:07:52,850
So as a penetration tester or ethical hacker you're often known as a red and a defender is often known

123
00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:53,940
as blue.

124
00:07:54,020 --> 00:07:56,410
So you combine those and that makes purple.

125
00:07:56,600 --> 00:08:01,970
And what that means is we'll sit down with a blue team as an offensive team we'll sit down with the

126
00:08:01,970 --> 00:08:07,580
blue team and we'll say Hey what attacks do you want us to try to run or we're going to run these attacks.

127
00:08:07,580 --> 00:08:12,170
And I want to know if you pick it up so I might run a specific tack and see if the Blue Team detects

128
00:08:12,170 --> 00:08:12,280
it.

129
00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:16,850
I might go plug into their network and see if it prevents me from plugging into the network.

130
00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:18,500
Do they get an alert on that.

131
00:08:18,500 --> 00:08:20,500
If not how can we help them.

132
00:08:20,510 --> 00:08:22,730
Baseline this attack to get this alert.

133
00:08:23,060 --> 00:08:28,310
So I think purple teaming assessments are some of the best assessments that are out there because not

134
00:08:28,310 --> 00:08:33,530
only do they learn from you and what attacks are out there but you learn from them on how to defend

135
00:08:33,830 --> 00:08:38,780
against these and how to bypass these two because maybe your first attempt does get blocked and you're

136
00:08:38,780 --> 00:08:42,670
like hey maybe I should you know run a different attack and see if you catch that.

137
00:08:42,830 --> 00:08:46,010
And it's a great way to have that cat and mouse game again.

138
00:08:46,820 --> 00:08:50,860
So once we do these types of assessments we have to write a report.

139
00:08:50,870 --> 00:08:57,560
We have to report back on what we saw and tell the client about it and I put a little sad face there

140
00:08:57,590 --> 00:09:02,200
because you know not everybody likes writing reports but it is absolutely part of the job.

141
00:09:02,210 --> 00:09:06,230
You have to be well written in this field to be successful.

142
00:09:06,230 --> 00:09:12,050
So you know you write this report and you're going to have to present this report to a client and that's

143
00:09:12,050 --> 00:09:17,390
what is the debrief now debrief is where you take the report and you give it to a client and you walk

144
00:09:17,390 --> 00:09:22,940
through it with the client and say Here's what's wrong here's why it's wrong and here's how we can fix

145
00:09:22,940 --> 00:09:25,640
that for you or here's how you can fix that.

146
00:09:25,640 --> 00:09:26,410
Right.

147
00:09:26,420 --> 00:09:32,720
And so you have to have this technical skill set as a penetration tester and you have to have this well

148
00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:37,580
written skill set you have to be able to write well you also to be able to talk in front of people when

149
00:09:37,580 --> 00:09:40,390
it comes to doing debriefs and talk to people.

150
00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:44,990
That doesn't mean you have to be an extrovert by any means you can be an introvert.

151
00:09:44,990 --> 00:09:50,680
I am very introverted but you have to be able put that personality on when you're on site.

152
00:09:50,680 --> 00:09:54,670
Same thing with the physicals by the way if you're on site for a physical.

153
00:09:54,670 --> 00:09:57,850
You do not have to be an extrovert to be successful.

154
00:09:57,860 --> 00:10:04,160
I know plenty of good physical pen testers that are actually introverts and do just fine as long as

155
00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:08,260
you're able to get into that mindset for that temporary time period.

156
00:10:08,330 --> 00:10:12,840
So anywhere from all these different assessments that you could end up doing at any given time you'd

157
00:10:12,860 --> 00:10:18,050
be well-rounded there you're gonna be writing reports you're going to be presenting reports to clients

158
00:10:18,990 --> 00:10:25,140
now let's talk about the technical skills that you are going to need and our course here is going to

159
00:10:25,140 --> 00:10:26,980
cover a lot of these.

160
00:10:27,060 --> 00:10:33,400
So at a base level you really do need to know Linux preferably Cally Linux or what.

161
00:10:33,510 --> 00:10:35,610
Another type is called Parrot.

162
00:10:35,610 --> 00:10:40,800
There is networking that you should know you should be familiar with the LSI model certain protocols

163
00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:50,430
like DCP UDP HDP etc. You should have good scripting skills whether it be python scripting or bash scripting

164
00:10:50,730 --> 00:10:55,080
et cetera there and you should have a solid hacking methodology.

165
00:10:55,080 --> 00:10:58,850
And this is all what we would want as a base for an interview.

166
00:10:58,860 --> 00:11:04,530
You should have also tool familiarity right Metis polite burp sweet ness is if all this sounds like

167
00:11:04,530 --> 00:11:07,140
a foreign language to you that's fine.

168
00:11:07,140 --> 00:11:09,150
Come back and watch this video again.

169
00:11:09,150 --> 00:11:13,500
Once you've gone through the whole course and it's going to all click for you you're gonna say Hey I

170
00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:14,680
know a lot of this.

171
00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:18,560
And on the preferred side active directory is huge.

172
00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:23,670
If you know actor directory you're going to be ahead of the game most people and I interviewed them.

173
00:11:23,670 --> 00:11:26,520
They have a good base but they don't have that good preferred site.

174
00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:29,010
And we like we like the preferred column a lot.

175
00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:29,650
OK.

176
00:11:30,240 --> 00:11:37,440
So active directory super important wireless attacks important to know the last top 10 also important

177
00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:42,830
to know that is related to web application penetration testing and lastly coding skills.

178
00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:49,380
So scripting and coding a little bit different scripting is what you'll be using primarily coding.

179
00:11:49,380 --> 00:11:52,400
You don't have to be a coder to be successful in this field at all.

180
00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:58,040
By the way if you only script for the rest of your life in this field you'll still find plenty of success.

181
00:11:58,080 --> 00:12:03,600
However you can code new tools things you know contribute to the community with it.

182
00:12:03,660 --> 00:12:09,900
We'll talk about that here in a second as well but just know that the base is possibly potentially can

183
00:12:09,900 --> 00:12:11,910
get you into a job to preferred.

184
00:12:11,900 --> 00:12:16,470
We'll definitely get you into a job if you have strong knowledge on that side.

185
00:12:16,470 --> 00:12:24,590
Along with the base knowledge lastly something that is not covered much is these soft skills that you

186
00:12:24,590 --> 00:12:25,980
need to be a pen tester.

187
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:30,880
So yeah it's great to be technical and we already talked about the social people skills right.

188
00:12:30,890 --> 00:12:32,600
Because you're gonna be doing that debriefing.

189
00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:38,810
You might be doing social engineering etc. and you're going to have to have that well written ability

190
00:12:38,810 --> 00:12:39,620
to you as well.

191
00:12:39,650 --> 00:12:41,660
But let's talk about some these other ones.

192
00:12:41,750 --> 00:12:44,100
You need a strong desire to learn.

193
00:12:44,240 --> 00:12:48,710
You should be the type of person that personality type that always wants to learn.

194
00:12:48,710 --> 00:12:55,160
We talked about it right where you should be the guy or girl that wants to go home and study and you

195
00:12:55,160 --> 00:13:01,310
find this fascinating in you that desire to learn is going to benefit you because of that cat and mouse

196
00:13:01,310 --> 00:13:08,350
game because you know something that you knew yesterday might not be an exploit today.

197
00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:12,500
You know patches are coming out all the time and you have to stay ahead of the game because of this

198
00:13:12,500 --> 00:13:13,240
cat and mouse game.

199
00:13:13,250 --> 00:13:19,400
So that strong desire to learn super important if you do not stick up with your studies you're gonna

200
00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:25,340
get left behind and most people have this desire to be in the field of ethical hacking because they

201
00:13:25,340 --> 00:13:26,590
think it's sexy.

202
00:13:26,600 --> 00:13:33,230
It sounds cool and is cool but if you do not have that desire to learn you do not have that that perseverance

203
00:13:33,230 --> 00:13:36,980
which are going to talk about you're going to get left behind in this field and you're not going to

204
00:13:36,980 --> 00:13:38,260
be successful.

205
00:13:38,330 --> 00:13:40,870
So let's move over to perseverance.

206
00:13:40,940 --> 00:13:46,890
You have to have this perseverance mindset now which is that desire to learn but also that ability to

207
00:13:46,910 --> 00:13:52,130
not give up because the answer is not always there in front of you and you're going to see this as we

208
00:13:52,130 --> 00:13:58,220
go through the course is not cut and dry it's not hey I scan for this I see an exploit I go exploit

209
00:13:58,220 --> 00:14:03,770
it you might have to do a lot of research it might look like the machine that you're attacking it has

210
00:14:03,770 --> 00:14:09,860
no exploits available to it and you have to be able to put in that persistence to be able to persevere

211
00:14:10,100 --> 00:14:14,810
you have to have that mindset where I'm not going to give up I'm going to keep trying at this until

212
00:14:14,810 --> 00:14:17,910
I have exhausted all my potential resources.

213
00:14:18,020 --> 00:14:20,190
That is what makes a good hacker.

214
00:14:20,250 --> 00:14:25,540
OK that that mindset of I'm not going to quit really makes a good hacker.

215
00:14:25,730 --> 00:14:31,990
Now on top of that non complacency this kind of falls into that strong desire to learn.

216
00:14:32,030 --> 00:14:38,180
Now I've had coworkers that are completely happy when I was working helpdesk when I was working in networking.

217
00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:40,570
Plenty of co-workers who were happy with their jobs.

218
00:14:40,580 --> 00:14:43,750
They've been in the same position for five years 10 years.

219
00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:48,350
You cannot be that person if you want to be a pen tester you always want to learn more.

220
00:14:48,350 --> 00:14:52,510
You always want to move up you want and you want the most out of yourself.

221
00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:56,820
OK don't be complacent if you're complacent you're gonna get left behind.

222
00:14:56,990 --> 00:14:59,310
Just beating a dead horse here.

223
00:14:59,420 --> 00:15:04,010
It really is true that you're going to get left behind if you're not constantly studying and if you

224
00:15:04,010 --> 00:15:05,660
stay complacent.

225
00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:13,760
Lastly you should have a blog or Twitter or get hub or something that you contribute back to the community

226
00:15:13,770 --> 00:15:18,280
where it could be a YouTube channel or Twitter stream or however you want to do it right.

227
00:15:18,320 --> 00:15:22,880
You should give back to the community when I see that somebody is giving back to the community on their

228
00:15:22,890 --> 00:15:26,570
resumé even if it's a blog post or Twitter whatever.

229
00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:32,630
It really helps in things that are going to ask and interview include where you get your news from or

230
00:15:32,630 --> 00:15:37,340
in how do you you know do you have a blog you're gonna be asked that you know and Twitter is a great

231
00:15:37,340 --> 00:15:40,990
place to get get news and blogs.

232
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:42,610
Great place to give back.

233
00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:44,840
And Twitter is a great place to get back to.

234
00:15:44,870 --> 00:15:47,430
So make sure you're contributing to your community.

235
00:15:47,450 --> 00:15:49,400
It will really help you in the long run.

236
00:15:49,400 --> 00:15:51,140
And you don't have to reinvent the wheel.

237
00:15:51,140 --> 00:15:56,870
It could be a blog that somebody has posted before or 20 people post to be for as long as you're posting

238
00:15:56,870 --> 00:16:01,640
it and it helps you learn and it helps your style might be something that helps somebody else learn

239
00:16:01,640 --> 00:16:06,920
as well compared to the other blog posts where maybe people don't like that writing style or they don't

240
00:16:06,920 --> 00:16:09,680
like that commentary or however it is.

241
00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:13,570
So you never know how your content is going to help somebody else.

242
00:16:13,570 --> 00:16:19,520
I always encourage people to go out there and make their own content so that's it.

243
00:16:19,550 --> 00:16:24,620
And I know this is a long video this is going to be longer than most the videos that I wanted to dive

244
00:16:24,620 --> 00:16:30,770
in and really cover what you can expect as an ethical hacker and what you need really at a technical

245
00:16:30,830 --> 00:16:33,800
and a soft skill level to be successful.

246
00:16:33,800 --> 00:16:37,040
So from here we're going to go ahead and get right into the course.

247
00:16:37,040 --> 00:16:39,610
Next up is effective no keeping.

248
00:16:39,710 --> 00:16:43,220
We're going to talk about the importance of keeping what tools you should use to be keeping notes through

249
00:16:43,220 --> 00:16:43,750
this course.

250
00:16:43,750 --> 00:16:48,380
And we're going to dive right into the technical concepts so I'll catch you over in the next video.