1 00:00:00,470 --> 00:00:02,160 ‫Hi, and welcome to this lecture 2 00:00:02,160 --> 00:00:05,150 ‫on EC2 Instances Purchasing Options. 3 00:00:05,150 --> 00:00:08,640 ‫So we've been using so far, on-demand EC2 instances. 4 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:11,190 ‫They allow us to run instances on demands, 5 00:00:11,190 --> 00:00:13,230 ‫that means they're good for short workloads, 6 00:00:13,230 --> 00:00:14,370 ‫we get predictable pricing, 7 00:00:14,370 --> 00:00:16,560 ‫and we're going to pay by the second. 8 00:00:16,560 --> 00:00:18,630 ‫But if you have different kind of workloads, 9 00:00:18,630 --> 00:00:21,450 ‫you can optimize your discounts and your pricing 10 00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:23,750 ‫by specifying it to AWS. 11 00:00:23,750 --> 00:00:26,160 ‫For example, you can use reserved instances 12 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:29,030 ‫and you have one year or three years term, 13 00:00:29,030 --> 00:00:30,890 ‫and they're meant for long workloads. 14 00:00:30,890 --> 00:00:32,370 ‫So if you know you're going to run a database 15 00:00:32,370 --> 00:00:35,550 ‫for a long time, then a reserved instance is great. 16 00:00:35,550 --> 00:00:37,870 ‫And if you want to have a flexible instance type, 17 00:00:37,870 --> 00:00:39,520 ‫so for example, you want to change 18 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:41,180 ‫the instance type over time, 19 00:00:41,180 --> 00:00:44,030 ‫then convertible reserved instances are for you. 20 00:00:44,030 --> 00:00:45,620 ‫And by the way, don't worry, 21 00:00:45,620 --> 00:00:48,800 ‫I'm going to do a deep dive in all of those over time. 22 00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:50,800 ‫Okay, next we have savings plan 23 00:00:50,800 --> 00:00:53,870 ‫and savings plan are one and three years term, 24 00:00:53,870 --> 00:00:54,770 ‫and they're more modern 25 00:00:54,770 --> 00:00:58,790 ‫because instead of committing to a specific instance type, 26 00:00:58,790 --> 00:01:02,000 ‫you commit to a specific amount of usage in dollars, 27 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:04,520 ‫and there again, for long workloads. 28 00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:06,140 ‫Spot instances instead are meant 29 00:01:06,140 --> 00:01:07,750 ‫for very short workloads, 30 00:01:07,750 --> 00:01:09,180 ‫they're very, very cheap, 31 00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:11,950 ‫but at any time you can lose these instances 32 00:01:11,950 --> 00:01:14,540 ‫and that makes them less reliable. 33 00:01:14,540 --> 00:01:17,350 ‫Dedicated host allows you to book an entire physical server 34 00:01:17,350 --> 00:01:19,100 ‫and control instance placements. 35 00:01:19,100 --> 00:01:21,210 ‫And dedicated instances means that 36 00:01:21,210 --> 00:01:23,600 ‫no other customers will share your hardware. 37 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:26,780 ‫Finally, capacity reservations allow you to reserve capacity 38 00:01:26,780 --> 00:01:29,413 ‫in a specific AZ for any duration. 39 00:01:30,370 --> 00:01:32,210 ‫Now let's look at EC2 on-demand. 40 00:01:32,210 --> 00:01:33,420 ‫So you're going to pay for what you use. 41 00:01:33,420 --> 00:01:35,870 ‫So that means that if you're using Linux or Windows, 42 00:01:35,870 --> 00:01:39,140 ‫you're going to be getting a billing per second 43 00:01:39,140 --> 00:01:40,180 ‫after the first minute, 44 00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:42,260 ‫or for all the other operating systems, 45 00:01:42,260 --> 00:01:44,240 ‫you're going to get a billing per hour. 46 00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:46,460 ‫It has the highest cost but no upfront payments 47 00:01:46,460 --> 00:01:48,490 ‫and no long-term commitments. 48 00:01:48,490 --> 00:01:51,770 ‫That means it's definitely recommended for a short-term 49 00:01:51,770 --> 00:01:53,510 ‫and uninterrupted workload 50 00:01:53,510 --> 00:01:56,360 ‫where you cannot predict how the application will behave. 51 00:01:57,380 --> 00:01:58,480 ‫Now for reserved instances, 52 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:01,150 ‫and by the way, the numbers I show you can change over time, 53 00:02:01,150 --> 00:02:03,200 ‫so I will not update this video every time, 54 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:05,930 ‫but it gives you an idea of what the numbers can be. 55 00:02:05,930 --> 00:02:09,740 ‫So the reserved instances give you a 72% discounts 56 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:11,290 ‫compared to on-demand. 57 00:02:11,290 --> 00:02:14,220 ‫And you reserve a specific instance attributes. 58 00:02:14,220 --> 00:02:16,820 ‫For example, the instance type, the region, 59 00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:19,070 ‫the tenancy, and the OS. 60 00:02:19,070 --> 00:02:22,290 ‫You specify a reservation period one year or three years, 61 00:02:22,290 --> 00:02:24,120 ‫to get even more discounts, 62 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:25,940 ‫and whether or not you wanna pay upfront, 63 00:02:25,940 --> 00:02:28,630 ‫partially upfront, or not upfront. 64 00:02:28,630 --> 00:02:30,670 ‫And all upfront of course gives you 65 00:02:30,670 --> 00:02:33,020 ‫the maximum amount of discounts. 66 00:02:33,020 --> 00:02:34,340 ‫In terms of the scope, 67 00:02:34,340 --> 00:02:35,920 ‫do you want the scope to be 68 00:02:35,920 --> 00:02:38,170 ‫into a specific region or a zone? 69 00:02:38,170 --> 00:02:41,210 ‫That means reserve capacity in a specific AZ. 70 00:02:41,210 --> 00:02:43,500 ‫And so you would use reserved instances 71 00:02:43,500 --> 00:02:46,820 ‫for the steady-state usage applications, 72 00:02:46,820 --> 00:02:48,490 ‫think for example, for a database. 73 00:02:48,490 --> 00:02:51,330 ‫And you can buy or sell your reserved instances 74 00:02:51,330 --> 00:02:54,390 ‫in a marketplace if you don't need them anymore. 75 00:02:54,390 --> 00:02:57,890 ‫And there is a specific kind of reserved instances 76 00:02:57,890 --> 00:03:00,050 ‫called the convertible reserved instance, 77 00:03:00,050 --> 00:03:02,710 ‫which is allowing you to change the instance type, 78 00:03:02,710 --> 00:03:05,000 ‫the instance family, the operating system, 79 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:06,740 ‫the scope and the tenancy. 80 00:03:06,740 --> 00:03:08,730 ‫And because you have more flexibility, 81 00:03:08,730 --> 00:03:09,900 ‫well you get a bit less discounts 82 00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:13,150 ‫you get up to 66% discounts. 83 00:03:13,150 --> 00:03:14,820 ‫So that's for reserved instances. 84 00:03:14,820 --> 00:03:17,400 ‫And now you have the EC2 savings plans 85 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:19,470 ‫which is to allow you to get a discount 86 00:03:19,470 --> 00:03:20,620 ‫based on long-term usage, 87 00:03:20,620 --> 00:03:24,530 ‫which is the same 70% as reserved instances. 88 00:03:24,530 --> 00:03:26,317 ‫But instead, you're going to say, 89 00:03:26,317 --> 00:03:30,997 ‫"I want to spend $10 per hour for the next 1, 2, 3 years." 90 00:03:31,870 --> 00:03:34,290 ‫And any usage beyond the savings plan 91 00:03:34,290 --> 00:03:37,160 ‫is going to be billed at the on-demand price. 92 00:03:37,160 --> 00:03:38,250 ‫So with savings plans, 93 00:03:38,250 --> 00:03:41,080 ‫you're locked to a specific instance family and region. 94 00:03:41,080 --> 00:03:42,047 ‫For example, you say, 95 00:03:42,047 --> 00:03:46,670 ‫"I want to have M5 type of instance family in us-east-1." 96 00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:49,260 ‫But you're flexible across the instance size. 97 00:03:49,260 --> 00:03:52,810 ‫So you can have m5.xlarge, m5.2xlarge and so on. 98 00:03:52,810 --> 00:03:53,820 ‫The OS, so you can switch 99 00:03:53,820 --> 00:03:56,010 ‫between Linux and Windows and so on. 100 00:03:56,010 --> 00:03:57,590 ‫And the tenancy, you can switch 101 00:03:57,590 --> 00:03:59,823 ‫between host, dedicated and default. 102 00:04:00,710 --> 00:04:02,020 ‫Now, for spot instances, 103 00:04:02,020 --> 00:04:04,130 ‫they have the most aggressive discounts, 104 00:04:04,130 --> 00:04:07,520 ‫so up to 90% discounts compared to on-demand, 105 00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:10,810 ‫but they are instances you can lose at any point of time 106 00:04:10,810 --> 00:04:12,400 ‫because you define a max price 107 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:14,650 ‫you're willing to pay for your spot instances. 108 00:04:14,650 --> 00:04:16,490 ‫And if the spot price goes over it, 109 00:04:16,490 --> 00:04:18,490 ‫then you're going to lose it. 110 00:04:18,490 --> 00:04:21,450 ‫So they're the most cost-efficient instances in AWS 111 00:04:21,450 --> 00:04:22,820 ‫and they're going to be very helpful 112 00:04:22,820 --> 00:04:26,360 ‫if you have a workload that is resilient to failure. 113 00:04:26,360 --> 00:04:27,200 ‫So what could they be? 114 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:29,660 ‫Well, it could be batch jobs, data analysis, 115 00:04:29,660 --> 00:04:33,140 ‫image processing, any kind of distributed workloads, 116 00:04:33,140 --> 00:04:36,180 ‫or workloads that have a flexible start and end time. 117 00:04:36,180 --> 00:04:39,450 ‫They are not suited for critical jobs or databases 118 00:04:39,450 --> 00:04:41,930 ‫and the exam will test you on that. 119 00:04:41,930 --> 00:04:43,180 ‫Next we have dedicated hosts. 120 00:04:43,180 --> 00:04:45,280 ‫So you get an actual physical server 121 00:04:45,280 --> 00:04:47,440 ‫with EC2 instances capacity 122 00:04:47,440 --> 00:04:49,760 ‫fully dedicated to your use case. 123 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:51,840 ‫And you want to have dedicated hosts 124 00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:55,580 ‫in the use case of, you have compliance requirements 125 00:04:55,580 --> 00:04:57,630 ‫or you need to use your existing 126 00:04:57,630 --> 00:05:01,300 ‫server-bound software licenses that has billing 127 00:05:01,300 --> 00:05:06,300 ‫based on a per-socket, per-core, per VM software licenses. 128 00:05:06,510 --> 00:05:07,890 ‫This is in these kind of use cases 129 00:05:07,890 --> 00:05:09,780 ‫that you need to access the physical server 130 00:05:09,780 --> 00:05:11,590 ‫and get a dedicated host. 131 00:05:11,590 --> 00:05:13,387 ‫So for dedicated hosts, you get on-demand, 132 00:05:13,387 --> 00:05:15,040 ‫and you're gonna pay per second, 133 00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:18,640 ‫or you can reserve them for one or three years. 134 00:05:18,640 --> 00:05:20,470 ‫They're the most expensive option of AWS 135 00:05:20,470 --> 00:05:23,640 ‫because you actually reserve a physical server. 136 00:05:23,640 --> 00:05:27,110 ‫And so again, a use case is when you have 137 00:05:27,110 --> 00:05:30,330 ‫a software that comes with a licensing model 138 00:05:30,330 --> 00:05:32,440 ‫that is bring your own license. 139 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:35,660 ‫Or if you have a company that has strong regulatory 140 00:05:35,660 --> 00:05:36,823 ‫or compliance needs. 141 00:05:38,090 --> 00:05:40,340 ‫We also have dedicated instances, 142 00:05:40,340 --> 00:05:42,000 ‫and there are instances that runs on hardware 143 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:43,030 ‫that's dedicated to you, 144 00:05:43,030 --> 00:05:45,410 ‫which is different from the physical server. 145 00:05:45,410 --> 00:05:48,270 ‫But you may share the hardware with other instances 146 00:05:48,270 --> 00:05:49,720 ‫in the same accounts 147 00:05:49,720 --> 00:05:52,210 ‫and you have no control over instance placements. 148 00:05:52,210 --> 00:05:55,070 ‫So there's a difference between dedicated instances 149 00:05:55,070 --> 00:05:57,060 ‫and hosts, that is here. 150 00:05:57,060 --> 00:06:00,040 ‫At the exam, honestly, it doesn't trick you 151 00:06:00,040 --> 00:06:01,530 ‫into one or the other, 152 00:06:01,530 --> 00:06:04,150 ‫but remember that dedicated instances 153 00:06:04,150 --> 00:06:08,200 ‫mean that you have your own instance on your own hardware, 154 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:09,510 ‫whereas dedicated host, 155 00:06:09,510 --> 00:06:12,990 ‫you get access to the physical server itself 156 00:06:12,990 --> 00:06:16,393 ‫and it gives you visibility into the lower level hardware. 157 00:06:17,290 --> 00:06:20,110 ‫Next, we have capacity reservations for EC2. 158 00:06:20,110 --> 00:06:22,480 ‫So you can reserve on-demand instances 159 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:25,480 ‫in a specific AZ for any duration. 160 00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:27,190 ‫And then you get access to that capacity 161 00:06:27,190 --> 00:06:28,460 ‫whenever you need it. 162 00:06:28,460 --> 00:06:31,970 ‫You have no time commitment so you can reserve capacity 163 00:06:31,970 --> 00:06:34,110 ‫or cancel your reservation at any time. 164 00:06:34,110 --> 00:06:35,560 ‫And no billing discounts. 165 00:06:35,560 --> 00:06:38,610 ‫The only purpose is to reserve capacity. 166 00:06:38,610 --> 00:06:41,350 ‫So if you want to get billing discounts, 167 00:06:41,350 --> 00:06:44,390 ‫you need to combine it with regional reserved instances 168 00:06:44,390 --> 00:06:46,320 ‫or your savings plan. 169 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:48,400 ‫And you're charged at the on-demand rates, 170 00:06:48,400 --> 00:06:50,730 ‫whether or not you run instances. 171 00:06:50,730 --> 00:06:52,310 ‫So that means that your reserved capacity, 172 00:06:52,310 --> 00:06:54,070 ‫you're going to be billed for it, 173 00:06:54,070 --> 00:06:56,290 ‫and you know for sure that if you want to launch instances 174 00:06:56,290 --> 00:06:57,730 ‫they're going to be available, 175 00:06:57,730 --> 00:06:59,180 ‫but if you don't launch them, 176 00:06:59,180 --> 00:07:01,080 ‫you're still going to get charged. 177 00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:02,020 ‫So they're very suitable 178 00:07:02,020 --> 00:07:04,850 ‫for short-term uninterrupted workloads 179 00:07:04,850 --> 00:07:06,500 ‫that need to be in a specific AZ. 180 00:07:07,530 --> 00:07:10,090 ‫So it gets difficult to understand 181 00:07:10,090 --> 00:07:11,740 ‫which purchasing option is right for me, 182 00:07:11,740 --> 00:07:14,090 ‫especially if you are a beginner. 183 00:07:14,090 --> 00:07:16,850 ‫But let me give you a summary. 184 00:07:16,850 --> 00:07:18,320 ‫The first one is on-demand. 185 00:07:18,320 --> 00:07:21,530 ‫So we'll take a resort as an analogy. 186 00:07:21,530 --> 00:07:22,920 ‫And with on-demand, 187 00:07:22,920 --> 00:07:25,680 ‫you have a resort and you come in whenever you like 188 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:28,500 ‫and whenever you like, you pay the full price. 189 00:07:28,500 --> 00:07:30,500 ‫For reserved, well, you like to plan ahead 190 00:07:30,500 --> 00:07:32,450 ‫and you know you're going to stay a very long time 191 00:07:32,450 --> 00:07:35,370 ‫in your resort, one, two, three years, 192 00:07:35,370 --> 00:07:37,290 ‫and then you're going to get a good discount 193 00:07:37,290 --> 00:07:39,800 ‫because we know you're going to stay long time. 194 00:07:39,800 --> 00:07:41,077 ‫Savings plan is saying, 195 00:07:41,077 --> 00:07:43,790 ‫"Hey, I know for sure that in my resort 196 00:07:43,790 --> 00:07:46,160 ‫I'm going to spend a specific amount. 197 00:07:46,160 --> 00:07:49,640 ‫So I'm going to spend maybe $300 per month 198 00:07:49,640 --> 00:07:51,810 ‫every month for the next 12 months." 199 00:07:51,810 --> 00:07:54,960 ‫And therefore, you may wanna change the room type over time. 200 00:07:54,960 --> 00:07:57,240 ‫So king, suite, sea view, and so on. 201 00:07:57,240 --> 00:07:58,237 ‫But the savings plan is saying, 202 00:07:58,237 --> 00:08:00,020 ‫"Hey, you're to commit 203 00:08:00,020 --> 00:08:02,660 ‫to a specific spending in your hotel." 204 00:08:02,660 --> 00:08:05,020 ‫Spot instances are whenever 205 00:08:05,020 --> 00:08:07,250 ‫the hotel runs very last-minute discounts 206 00:08:07,250 --> 00:08:10,350 ‫because they have empty rooms and they wanna attract people. 207 00:08:10,350 --> 00:08:11,840 ‫So they get empty rooms 208 00:08:11,840 --> 00:08:14,470 ‫and people bid on getting this empty room. 209 00:08:14,470 --> 00:08:16,650 ‫And so you get very, very discounts. 210 00:08:16,650 --> 00:08:18,330 ‫But in this specific resort, 211 00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:20,660 ‫well, you can get kicked out of at any time 212 00:08:20,660 --> 00:08:22,690 ‫if someone is willing to pay more 213 00:08:22,690 --> 00:08:24,800 ‫for your room than what you did. 214 00:08:24,800 --> 00:08:27,650 ‫But I don't wanna stay in such a resort. 215 00:08:27,650 --> 00:08:28,657 ‫Dedicated host is saying, 216 00:08:28,657 --> 00:08:32,880 ‫"Hey, I want to book the entire building of the resort." 217 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:35,810 ‫So you get your own hardware, your own resort. 218 00:08:35,810 --> 00:08:37,727 ‫And then capacity reservation is saying, 219 00:08:37,727 --> 00:08:39,220 ‫"I'm going to book a room, 220 00:08:39,220 --> 00:08:41,200 ‫I'm not even sure if I don't stay in, 221 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:44,070 ‫but I know that if I want to stay in, I will have it." 222 00:08:44,070 --> 00:08:45,620 ‫And you will pay full price 223 00:08:45,620 --> 00:08:47,643 ‫for booking that room nonetheless. 224 00:08:48,620 --> 00:08:49,930 ‫In terms of price comparison, 225 00:08:49,930 --> 00:08:51,740 ‫I've just put together this table to give you 226 00:08:51,740 --> 00:08:53,830 ‫one example at one point of time. 227 00:08:53,830 --> 00:08:56,260 ‫So I took an m4.large in us-east-1, 228 00:08:56,260 --> 00:08:58,420 ‫and the on-demand price is 10 cents, 229 00:08:58,420 --> 00:09:00,610 ‫but then the spot price is going to be up to, 230 00:09:00,610 --> 00:09:03,480 ‫for example, 61% off in my example. 231 00:09:03,480 --> 00:09:05,600 ‫Then if you want to reserve your instance, 232 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:07,710 ‫as you can see, you have different pricing. 233 00:09:07,710 --> 00:09:10,610 ‫If you wanted to have for one year, for three years, 234 00:09:10,610 --> 00:09:13,200 ‫and pay no upfront or all upfront. 235 00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:15,020 ‫Same for the EC2 savings plan 236 00:09:15,020 --> 00:09:18,930 ‫we see that it is the same as a reserved instance discounts. 237 00:09:18,930 --> 00:09:22,010 ‫We also get reserved convertible instances 238 00:09:22,010 --> 00:09:23,180 ‫and we have dedicated host, 239 00:09:23,180 --> 00:09:24,830 ‫which is at the on-demand price. 240 00:09:24,830 --> 00:09:27,670 ‫The dedicated host reservation which is up to 70% off 241 00:09:27,670 --> 00:09:29,370 ‫because you reserve your host. 242 00:09:29,370 --> 00:09:32,800 ‫And capacity reservation again at the on-demand price. 243 00:09:32,800 --> 00:09:35,110 ‫So the exam will ask you to just know 244 00:09:35,110 --> 00:09:37,350 ‫which type of instance is the right one 245 00:09:37,350 --> 00:09:38,500 ‫based on your workloads. 246 00:09:38,500 --> 00:09:41,400 ‫And by now, you should have some good hints, 247 00:09:41,400 --> 00:09:44,170 ‫and don't worry, we will practice this over time. 248 00:09:44,170 --> 00:09:45,760 ‫All right, that's it for this lecture, 249 00:09:45,760 --> 00:09:46,760 ‫I hope you liked it. 250 00:09:46,760 --> 00:09:48,710 ‫And I will see you in the next lecture.